openPR Logo

Press Releases by Category Chemicals & Materials

RSS-Newsfeed

Isopropanol Production Cost Report 2025: Detailed Guide on Plant Setup, CapEx/Op …

Isopropanol, also known as isopropyl alcohol (IPA), is a colorless, flammable chemical compound with a strong odor, widely used as a solvent, disinfectant, and cleaning agent. It is commonly employed in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, electronics, and industrial applications due to its effectiveness in dissolving oils and resins, as well as its rapid evaporation properties. Setting up an isopropanol production plant involves securing raw materials such as propylene and acetone, establishing production technology

Graphite Prices Q2 2025 | Real-Time Price Trend & Forecast Analysis

North America Graphite Price Trends Analysis - Q2 2025 Overview Graphite Prices in United States: In Q2 2025, Graphite Prices in the USA averaged around US$ 1290/MT, reflecting moderate stability compared to global benchmarks. Demand from the electric vehicle and energy storage sectors continues to influence short-term pricing trends. When compared with Graphite Historical Price Data, the current levels show a steady upward movement, highlighting the resilience of the U.S. graphite market

Global Automotive Metals Industry to Expand by USD 225.51 Billion by 2030, Power …

The global market for automotive metals has experienced significant change, especially in the Asia-Pacific area, influenced by the needs for lightweight materials and eco-friendliness. Previously, mild steel was prevalent due to its low cost and wide availability, but the industry began to face increasing challenges related to fuel efficiency, emissions, and safety in crashes. This situation led to the development of advanced high-strength steels AHSS, aluminum alloys, and magnesium composites,

Bioherbicide Manufacturing Plant Setup Report 2025: Raw Material Requirements, P …

Setting up a bioherbicide manufacturing facility necessitates a detailed market analysis alongside granular insights into various operational aspects, including unit processes, raw material procurement, utility provisions, infrastructure setup, machinery and technology specifications, workforce planning, logistics, and financial considerations. IMARC Group's report titled "Bioherbicide Manufacturing Plant Cost Analysis Report 2025: Industry Trends, Plant Setup, Machinery, Raw Materials, Investment Opportunities, Cost and Revenue" offers a comprehensive guide for establishing a bioherbicide manufacturing plant,

Cobalt Prices Q2 2025 | Live Price Index, Historical Data & Forecast

Cobalt Price Trends Analysis - North America Q2 2025 Cobalt Prices in United States: In Q2 2025, Cobalt Prices in the United States reached around US$ 3,584/MT, reflecting strong domestic demand from construction and manufacturing sectors. Rising input costs, including nickel and energy, contributed to the price level. According to Cobalt Historical Price Data, U.S. pricing tends to follow global nickel trends while also factoring in localized production and labor costs. Get the

Exploring the Growth of the Global Precipitated Calcium Carbonate Market

The global precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) market has been gaining prominence in various industries, due to its versatile uses and benefits. PCC is an advanced, synthetic form of calcium carbonate manufactured through a chemical process, providing higher purity and more regulated particle sizes compared to natural ground calcium carbonate (GCC). It is commonly used in industries like plastics, paper, coatings, paints, adhesives, rubber, and pharmaceuticals. The global precipitated calcium carbonate

Engineering Plastics Market: Growth in Automotive, Electronics, Aerospace & Indu …

The Engineering Plastics Market is witnessing strong growth driven by rising demand in automotive, electronics, aerospace, and industrial applications, supported by the need for lightweight, high-strength, heat-resistant, and sustainable materials that replace metals and conventional plastics. Engineering Plastics Market is positioned for robust growth, and shifting market dynamics reshaping the competitive landscape. DataM Intelligence's new report provides data-driven insights, SWOT analysis, and marketing-ready intelligence for businesses seeking to improve market penetration

TLC Plates Market Size to Expand Lucratively by 2034

InsightAce Analytic Pvt. Ltd. announces the release of a market assessment report on the "Global TLC Plates Market - (By Type (HPTLC, Preparative PLC, Classical Silica TLC Plates), By Application (Organic chemistry, Analytical chemistry, Laboratories)), Trends, Industry Competition Analysis, Revenue and Forecast To 2031." According to the latest research by InsightAce Analytic, the Global TLC Plates Market is valued at US$ 10.3 Bn in 2023, and it is expected to reach

Global Copper Market to Grow from USD 3.32 Billion in 2024 to USD 4.62 Billion b …

Opening Paragraph According to a recent report by Maximize Market Research, the global copper market was valued at approximately USD 3.32 billion in 2024 and is projected to reach around USD 4.62 billion by 2032, representing a CAGR of 4.21% from 2025 to 2032 Download your sample copy of this report today! https://www.maximizemarketresearch.com/request-sample/29798/ Key Highlights Market Size & CAGR: Approximately USD 3.32 billion in 2024; projected to reach USD 4.62

Top 10 Corrugated Boxes Companies Analysis 2031

The corrugated boxes market report is segmented by Type (Single Wall Corrugated Boxes, Double Wall Corrugated Boxes, Triple Wall Corrugated Boxes, Others). The market is segmented based on Product Type (Regular Slotted Containers (RSC), Half Slotted Containers (HSC), Full Overlap (FOL) Boxes, Die-Cut Boxes, Folder Boxes, Telescopic Boxes, Self-Locking Boxes, Others). The market size and forecast at global, regional, and country levels for all the key market segments are covered

Pipe Coating Market to Reach US$12.6 Bn by 2031 Driven by Energy Infrastructure …

➤Overview of the Market The global pipe coating market has emerged as a vital segment within the industrial and energy infrastructure sectors, as coated pipes are crucial for extending the service life of pipelines and ensuring safe operations across industries. Pipe coatings provide a protective barrier against corrosion, abrasion, and chemical exposure, making them indispensable for oil and gas pipelines, water transportation, sewage systems, and chemical processing facilities. The demand is

North America High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Market to Reach US$5.8 Bn by 20 …

➤ Overview of the Market The North America High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) market is experiencing notable growth as the region intensifies efforts to modernize its power infrastructure and integrate renewable energy sources into the grid. HVDC technology, known for its efficiency in long-distance electricity transmission and interconnection of asynchronous grids, has emerged as a critical solution to address the rising energy demand and sustainability goals. According to Persistence Market Research,

Plastic Straps Market Future Prediction Report By 2027

A new market study report by The Insight Partners on the Plastic Straps Market has been released with reliable information and accurate forecasts for a better understanding of the current and future market scenarios. The report offers an in-depth analysis of the global market, including qualitative and quantitative insights, historical data, and estimated projections about the market size and share in the forecast period. Get PDF Sample Report +

High-Density Polyethylene Manufacturing Plant Setup Report 2025: Business Plan, …

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) is a strong, lightweight, and versatile thermoplastic polymer made from petroleum. It is characterized by its high strength-to-density ratio, resistance to impact, and excellent chemical stability, making it suitable for applications such as packaging, pipes, containers, and household products. Its recyclability and durability further contribute to its widespread use across various industries. Setting up a high-density polyethylene manufacturing plant requires careful planning, including raw material sourcing, polymerization technology

Specialties of Lube Oil Refinery Market to Reach US$ 41.2 Bn by 2032 with 3.5% C …

➤ Overview of the Market The specialties of lube oil refinery market is gaining momentum as industries across automotive, manufacturing, and energy sectors increasingly depend on high-performance lubricants and specialty products derived from refining processes. These specialties, including process oils, transformer oils, white oils, and waxes, play a vital role in ensuring smooth machinery operation, reducing wear and tear, and enhancing overall efficiency. According to Persistence Market Research, the market is

U.S. Magnesium Oxide Board Market to Reach US$ 3,975.9 Mn by 2032 with Steady Gr …

➤ Overview of the Market The U.S. magnesium oxide board market is witnessing steady growth as construction industries increasingly prioritize sustainable, durable, and fire-resistant building materials. Magnesium oxide (MgO) boards are gaining popularity as they provide superior strength, mold resistance, and environmental benefits compared to conventional gypsum boards. The rising adoption of green building practices and stringent fire safety regulations in the U.S. are accelerating the demand for these boards in

India Metal Forging Market to Reach US$ 12.8 Bn by 2032, Expanding at 7.4% CAGR …

➤ Overview of the Market The India metal forging market is witnessing robust expansion, driven by its critical role in automotive, aerospace, defense, and industrial manufacturing. Forging is an essential process in which metal is shaped using compressive forces to achieve high strength and durability. With increasing infrastructure projects, growing demand for automobiles, and rapid industrialization, India is emerging as a global hub for forging production. According to Persistence Market Research,

Anti-reflective Coatings Market to Reach US$ 10.3 Bn by 2032 Driven by Demand in …

➤Overview of the Market The global anti-reflective coatings market is witnessing robust growth, backed by rising adoption in consumer electronics, solar panels, automotive displays, and optical lenses. These coatings are designed to reduce light reflection and glare, improving visibility and enhancing product efficiency. Their application in solar panels is particularly significant, as anti-reflective coatings help maximize light absorption, thereby improving energy generation efficiency. Similarly, in consumer electronics such as smartphones, laptops,

Ultra-Pure Pipes Market is Expected to Reach a Valuation of USD 4,596 Million in …

The global ultra-pure pipes market is projected to experience remarkable growth, rising from USD 1,579 million in 2024 to USD 4,596 million by 2035. During this period, the market is anticipated to register a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.2%. This expansion is being fueled by growing demand from industries where contamination-free fluid transfer is critical, particularly the semiconductor, pharmaceutical, and biotechnology sectors. Stricter purity standards and the expansion

Metal Injection Molding Market to Reach US$ 8.6 Bn by 2032 with 10.5% CAGR Growt …

➤ Overview of the Market The global metal injection molding (MIM) market is experiencing robust growth as industries demand cost-effective and precise solutions for manufacturing complex metal components. According to Persistence Market Research, the market is projected to expand from US$ 4.3 Bn in 2025 to US$ 8.6 Bn by 2032, reflecting a CAGR of 10.5%. MIM technology combines the versatility of plastic injection molding with the strength of powdered metallurgy,

Quantum Catalyst Market is Expected to Reach a Valuation of USD 7,930 Million in …

The global quantum catalyst market is entering a phase of rapid growth and innovation. The industry is projected to expand from USD 698.5 million in 2025 to USD 7,930 million by 2035, reflecting a remarkable compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 27.5 percent during the forecast period. This impressive rise underscores the transformative role that quantum catalysts are set to play in chemical processes, sustainable energy applications, and advanced material development.

2D Heterostructure Market is Expected to Reach a Valuation of USD 2,359.2 Millio …

The global 2D heterostructure market is expected to witness significant growth over the next decade. Valued at USD 454.6 million in 2025, it is projected to reach USD 2,359.2 million by 2035, expanding at an impressive compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 17.9% during the forecast period. This rapid rise is fueled by technological advancements, growing demand across multiple industries, and increasing investments in next-generation materials science. For More Insights into

Non-Fossil Methanol Market is Expected to Reach a Valuation of USD 9,049Million …

The global non-fossil methanol market is set for a remarkable growth trajectory, expanding from USD 2,105 million in 2025 to USD 9,049 million by 2035, representing a robust CAGR of 15.7%. This transformation underscores a pivotal shift in methanol production, driven by sustainability mandates, decarbonization ambitions, and advances in green production technologies. Methanol has traditionally been derived from fossil fuels such as natural gas and coal, but the rise of biomass

Lactulose Concentrate Solution Market Detailed Analysis with Accurate Forecast t …

InsightAce Analytic Pvt. Ltd. announces the release of a market assessment report on the "Global Lactulose Concentrate Solution Market- (By Type (Chemical Synthesis, and Enzymatic Method) By Application (Pharmaceuticals, Food Industry, and Others), By Region, Trends, Industry Competition Analysis, Revenue and Forecast To 2031." According to the latest research by InsightAce Analytic, the Global Lactulose Concentrate Solution Market is valued at US$ 152.1 Mn in 2023, and it is expected to

Silicone Solutions for Leather and Textile Market to Reach US$ 907.2 Mn by 2032 …

➤ Overview of the Market The global silicone solutions for leather and textile market is witnessing steady growth as demand for high-performance, durable, and sustainable finishing agents continues to rise across the fashion, automotive, and home furnishing industries. Silicone-based solutions are widely applied for imparting softness, water repellency, heat resistance, and long-lasting durability to both natural and synthetic fabrics. In the leather industry, these solutions enhance surface aesthetics, improve flexibility, and

Aerospace Sealants Market to Reach US$ 2.5 Bn by 2032 with 5.4% CAGR Growth Driv …

➤ Overview of the Market The global aerospace sealants market is set for steady growth, with projections showing an increase from US$ 1.7 Bn in 2025 to US$ 2.5 Bn by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 5.4%. Aerospace sealants play a vital role in aircraft manufacturing and maintenance, providing protection against corrosion, fuel leakage, air pressure variations, and environmental stress. They are extensively used in commercial, military, and general aviation

U.S. Release Coating Market to Reach US$ 69.1 Mn by 2032 with 4.3% CAGR Driven b …

➤ Overview of the Market The U.S. release coating market is experiencing steady growth, driven by increasing applications across packaging, labeling, medical, and industrial sectors. Release coatings are essential in providing non-stick surfaces on liners and substrates, preventing adhesives from bonding permanently. They play a critical role in manufacturing pressure-sensitive labels, tapes, hygiene products, and medical devices. The rising demand for packaged goods, along with the growth of e-commerce and logistics

Solid-State Battery Market Expansion Expected Across North America Europe and As …

InsightAce Analytic Pvt. Ltd. announces the release of a market assessment report on the "Global Solid-State Battery Market- (By Application (Electric Vehicle (Passenger Vehicle, Commercial Vehicle), Consumer Electronics, Medical Devices, Energy Storage System, Others), By Electrolyte Type (Polymer, Sulfide, Oxide, Others), By Battery Type (Thin Film, Bulk, Others), By Capacity (Below 20mAh, 20mAh to 500mAh, Above 500mAh)), Trends, Industry Competition Analysis, Revenue and Forecast To 2034." According to the latest research

Liquid Fertilizers Market Study by Region (North America, Europe, Asia, Latin Am …

2025 - Pristine Market Insights, a leading market research firm, announced the release of its latest and comprehensive market research report on liquid fertilizers market. The report spans over 500 pages and delivers 10-year market forecast in US dollars (or custom currencies upon request). It provides in-depth analysis of market dynamics (drivers, opportunities, restraints), PESTLE insights, latest industry trends, and demand factors. The report includes segmented market value, share (%),

Industrial Water Treatment Chemicals Market to Surpass $40.18 Billion by 2029 | …

Get 30% off global market reports with code ONLINE30 and keep ahead of tariffs, macro trends, and worldwide economic developments. How Will the Industrial Water Treatment Chemicals Market Grow by 2025 in Terms of Size and Growth? In the previous years, the market size of industrial water treatment chemicals has experienced significant growth. The market is expected to grow from $31.73 billion in 2024 to $33.69 billion in 2025, registering a compound

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Market Size to Reach $10.4 Billion by 202 …

Stay informed on tariff shifts, macro trends, and global economic changes-use code ONLINE30 to enjoy 30% off our global market reports. What is the Projected Market Size of the High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Industry? In recent years, the market size for high-performance liquid chromatography has seen significant growth. Projected to expand from $6.28 billion in 2024 to $6.73 billion in 2025, it will boast a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.2%. This

Foam Trays Global Market Insights: Growth Drivers, Size & Forecasts to 2029

Stay informed on tariff shifts, macro trends, and global economic changes-use code ONLINE30 to enjoy 30% off our global market reports. What Is the Forecasted Market Growth Rate of the Foam Trays Industry? Over recent years, the market size for foam trays has experienced steady expansion. It is projected to increase from $2.72 billion in 2024 to $2.84 billion in 2025, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.5%. Factors contributing

Future of Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer Market: Size, Share & Forecasts to 20 …

Stay informed on tariff shifts, macro trends, and global economic changes-use code ONLINE30 to enjoy 30% off our global market reports. What Is the Projected Market Size Valuation of the Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer Market by 2025? In recent times, the ethylene propylene diene monomer market has seen significant growth. The market, which was valued at $4.5 billion in 2024, is projected to increase to $4.79 billion in 2025, exhibiting a compound

Edible Films And Coatings Market Analysis: $5.3 Billion by 2029 With a CAGR of 9 …

Stay informed on tariff shifts, macro trends, and global economic changes-use code ONLINE30 to enjoy 30% off our global market reports. Edible Films And Coatings Market Value Projection: How Much Will the Market Size by 2025? In recent years, the market size of edible films and coatings has experienced significant growth. The market is predicted to expand from its $3.44 billion value in 2024 to $3.65 billion in 2025, growing at a

Construction Adhesives Market on Path to Hit $18.32 Billion by 2029 at 9% CAGR

Use ONLINE30 for 30% savings on global market reports and stay on top of tariff updates, market trends, and economic shifts worldwide. Construction Adhesives Market Outlook: What Size And CAGR Are Anticipated By 2025? There has been a robust growth in the size of the construction adhesives market in the recent past. The market that was at $12.06 billion in 2024 is projected to rise to $12.95 billion in 2025, with a

Chlorine Trifluoride Market to Record 9.1% CAGR Growth Through 2029 | Global Ana …

Use ONLINE30 for 30% savings on global market reports and stay on top of tariff updates, market trends, and economic shifts worldwide. Chlorine Trifluoride Market Outlook: How is the Market Expected to Grow by 2025? The market size for chlorine trifluoride has seen significant growth in the recent past. This upward trend is expected to continue, with the market projected to expand from $67.44 billion in 2024 to $71.71 billion in 2025,

Biopesticides Market Expansion Outlook: $16.86 Billion in 2029

Get 30% off global market reports with code ONLINE30 and keep ahead of tariffs, macro trends, and worldwide economic developments. What Is the Projected CAGR for the Biopesticides Market from 2024 to 2025? In recent years, the biopesticides market has witnessed substantial expansion. The market size is projected to surge from $7.35 billion in 2024 to $8.69 billion in 2025, yielding a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 18.2%. The surge during

Why the Global Hydrogen Peroxide Market is Growing Across Industries

The global hydrogen peroxide market has been witnessing steady growth worldwide . Its wide range of applications across various industries, such as water treatment, healthcare, textiles, electronics, and food processing, boosts the market growth. Additionally, its use as a disinfectant, bleaching agent, and oxidiser further propels a strong market. Moreover, growing concerns regarding environmental sustainability, hygiene, and industrial efficiency are boosting the market growth . According to 6Wresearch, the global

Ammonia Market Expansion Outlook: $121.65 Billion in 2029

Get 30% off global market reports with code ONLINE30 and keep ahead of tariffs, macro trends, and worldwide economic developments. What Is the Projected CAGR for the Ammonia Market from 2024 to 2025? In recent times, the ammonia market has seen a significant expansion. This market is set to rise from a value of $79.13 billion in 2024 to $84.52 billion in 2025, showcasing a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.8%.

Aerospace Coatings Industry Growth Outlook: 8.2% CAGR and $3.89 Billion by 2029

Get 30% off global market reports with code ONLINE30 and keep ahead of tariffs, macro trends, and worldwide economic developments. What Is the Long-Term Growth Forecast for the Aerospace Coatings Market Size 2025? The market size for aerospace coatings has significantly expanded over the previous years. The market is projected to burgeon from $2.69 billion in 2024 to $2.83 billion in 2025, boasting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.4%. This

Architectural Metal Coatings Industry to Achieve $7.64 Billion Growth by 2029

Get 30% off global market reports with code ONLINE30 and keep ahead of tariffs, macro trends, and worldwide economic developments. How Will the Architectural Metal Coatings Market Grow by 2025 in Terms of Size and Growth? The market size for architectural metal coatings has seen a consistent increase over the past few years. More specifically, it is set to expand from $5.51 billion in 2024 to $5.74 billion in 2025, exhibiting a

Algaecides Market Growth to be Driven by Emerging Trends | $6.67 Billion by 2029

Stay informed on tariff shifts, macro trends, and global economic changes-use code ONLINE30 to enjoy 30% off our global market reports. What is the Projected Market Size of the Algaecides Industry? The market size of algaecides has seen substantial growth in the past years. Its progress is set to continue, increasing from $3.9 billion in 2024 to reach $4.28 billion in 2025, representing a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.7%. The

Additive Masterbatch Market is Anticipated to Expand upto $6.51 Billion in 2029

Stay informed on tariff shifts, macro trends, and global economic changes-use code ONLINE30 to enjoy 30% off our global market reports. What Is the Forecasted Market Growth Rate of the Additive Masterbatch Industry? In the past few years, the additive masterbatch market has experienced a consistent growth rate. The market size is projected to escalate from $4.64 billion in 2024 to $4.83 billion in 2025, indicating a compound annual growth rate (CAGR)

Wind Blade Recycling Market Poised for Significant Growth as Sustainability Mand …

The global Wind Blade Recycling Market is gaining momentum, fueled by accelerating investments in renewable energy, rising sustainability mandates, and growing industry emphasis on circular economy practices. With thousands of aging wind turbines set to be decommissioned over the next decade, demand for innovative recycling solutions has emerged as a critical market opportunity. According to The Insight Partners, the wind blade recycling industry is projected to witness substantial growth, expanding at

Global Anti-Migrating Agent Market Set to Expand, Driven by Demand in Textile an …

The global anti-migrating agent market is poised for robust growth over the forecast period, supported by rising applications in textiles, construction, furniture, and industrial coatings. Anti-migrating agents, primarily used in textile dyeing and printing processes to prevent color migration, are witnessing increased adoption across sectors that demand vibrant, durable, and high-quality finishes. Download PDF Sample Copy @ https://www.theinsightpartners.com/sample/TIPRE00040499/?utm_source=OpenPR&utm_medium=10813 According to The Insight Partners, the market is expected to grow at a CAGR

Ink Resin Industry Expected to Reach $7.86 Billion by 2029 at 12% CAGR

Stay informed on tariff shifts, macro trends, and global economic changes-use code ONLINE30 to enjoy 30% off our global market reports. Ink Resin Market Value Projection: How Much Will the Market Size by 2025? The market for ink resin has seen substantial growth in the past few years. The market size, which stood at $4.56 billion in 2024, is predicted to reach $5 billion in 2025, with a CAGR of 9.8%. This

Global Humic Based Biostimulants Market Worth $1.43 Billion by 2029, Growing at …

Use ONLINE30 for 30% savings on global market reports and stay on top of tariff updates, market trends, and economic shifts worldwide. Humic Based Biostimulants Market Outlook: What Size And CAGR Are Anticipated By 2025? The market size of humic based biostimulants has experienced speedy expansion in the recent past. The growth of this market is forecasted to escalate from $0.75 billion in 2024 to $0.84 billion in 2025 with a compound

Fuel Cell Market to Grow at 26.7% CAGR, Reaching $21.51 Billion by 2029

Use ONLINE30 for 30% savings on global market reports and stay on top of tariff updates, market trends, and economic shifts worldwide. Fuel Cell Market Outlook: How is the Market Expected to Grow by 2025? The scale of the fuel cell market has seen a significant expansion in the last few years. It is projected to rise from $6.56 billion in 2024 to $8.36 billion in 2025, reflecting a Compound Annual Growth

Growth in the Printed Tape Market Reinforces Innovation in the Paper and Packagi …

The global printed tape market is witnessing steady growth, driven by rising demand for sustainable, customized, and cost-effective packaging solutions within the paper and packaging industry. As businesses explore innovative ways to enhance branding and product safety, printed tapes are becoming an indispensable solution, offering functionality as well as marketing impact. Download PDF Sample Copy @ https://www.theinsightpartners.com/sample/TIPRE00040515/?utm_source=OpenPR&utm_medium=10813 Printed tapes, which serve both as a sealing medium and a promotional tool, are gaining

Global Fertilizer Additives Market Size, Share, and Forecast Analysis 2025-2029

Use ONLINE30 for 30% savings on global market reports and stay on top of tariff updates, market trends, and economic shifts worldwide. What Are the Fertilizer Additives Market Size Forecast for 2025? In the past few years, the fertilizer additives market has seen substantial growth. The market, expected to rise from a value of $3.26 billion in 2024 to $3.42 billion in 2025, will experience a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of

Go To Page     958 957 956 955 954 953 952 951 950 949 618 617 616 615 614 613 612 611 610 609