Press Releases by Category Chemicals & Materials
Azo Pigments Market Predicted to Reach US$ 2489.8 Mn by 2032 - Persistence Marke …
Azo pigments are a predominant class of synthetic organic pigments characterized by the presence of one or more azo groups (-N=N-). Renowned for their vibrant hues, especially in red, yellow, and orange shades, these pigments are integral to various industries, including textiles, plastics, printing inks, paints, and food. Their chemical stability, cost-effectiveness, and broad color range have solidified their position in the global pigments market.
Get a Sample PDF Brochure of…
Mono Methyl Aniline Market Size By Application, By Type, By Geographic Scope And …
USA, New Jersey- According to Market Research Intellect, the global Mono Methyl Aniline market in the Internet, Communication and Technology category is projected to witness significant growth from 2025 to 2032. Market dynamics, technological advancements, and evolving consumer demand are expected to drive expansion during this period.
Due to the growing need for monomethyl aniline (MMA) in a number of industries, most notably the manufacturing of dyes, agrochemicals, and medicines, the…
Innovative Trends and Strategic Developments Propel the Calcium Propionate Marke …
The calcium propionate market is undergoing a dynamic transformation as innovation, regulatory changes, and evolving consumer preferences drive market expansion. Today's announcement provides a comprehensive overview of the market landscape, with an emphasis on detailed market analysis, segmentation, and strategic insights that are shaping the future of this essential food and feed additive.
Get a free sample report: https://datahorizzonresearch.com/request-sample-pdf/calcium-propionate-market-2750
Calcium propionate market garnered a revenue of USD 388.08 million in the year…
High Purity Quartz Market to Achieve US$ 1.69 Bn by 2032 - Persistence Market Re …
High Purity Quartz (HPQ) is a vital industrial mineral characterized by exceptionally low impurity levels, making it indispensable in various high-tech applications. Its unique properties, such as high chemical purity, thermal stability, and optical clarity, have positioned it as a critical material in industries like semiconductors, solar energy, and optics. This report delves into the current state of the global HPQ market, its growth trajectory, key applications, regional dynamics, competitive…
Ethylene Dichloride Market - Industry Trends and Forecast to 2028
According to Data Bridge Market Research The ethylene dichloride market is expected to witness market growth at a rate of 5.24% in the forecast period of 2021 to 2028. Data Bridge Market Research report on ethylene dichloride market provides analysis and insights regarding the various factors expected to be prevalent throughout the forecast period while providing their impacts on the market's growth. The increase in the number of research activities…
Prominent Hand Wash Market Trend for 2025: Share, Growth And Competitive Trends …
What industry-specific factors are fueling the growth of the hand wash market?
The escalating prevalence of infectious ailments is predicted to drive the expansion of the hand wash market in the future. The practices of personal hygiene and care to prevent disease transmission by eliminating microbes are gaining importance. Regular hand washing, particularly in public areas, is critical to stop bacterial infections and hinder the transmission of germs and viruses. Civic…
Construction Boom Driving Geopolymer Market Growth: A Key Factor Shaping the Fut …
Which drivers are expected to have the greatest impact on the over the geopolymer market's growth?
The rise in building-related activities is likely to spur on the development of the geopolymer market. Construction, which is the act of building, refurbishing, or fixing any public or private structure, plays a significant role. Geopolymers are non-organic substances created when aluminosilicates are alkali-triggered. These sources of aluminosilicates can be naturally occurring or industrially produced…
In-Depth Analysis of the General Chemical Product Market: Growth Opportunities, …
What market dynamics are playing a key role in accelerating the growth of the general chemical product market?
The expansion of the pharmaceutical industry is projected to propel the growth of the general chemical product market. The term pharmaceutical industry pertains to a licensed business that manufactures, markets, and sells pharmaceuticals. Chemicals are crucial in manufacturing various pharmaceutical products such as medicines, topical creams, vaccines, dietary supplements, and unique formulations for…
Potassium Sulphate Market Overall Study Report 2025-2032 : Share, Size, Trend an …
The latest study, titled Potassium Sulphate Market 2025, Published by Coherent Market Insights, offers valuable insights into regional and global markets expected to grow between 2025 and 2032. This comprehensive research examines evolving market dynamics, value chain analysis, key investment areas, competitive landscape, regional trends, and major market segments. It also provides an in-depth evaluation of market drivers and constraints. Furthermore, the report highlights effective strategies and emerging opportunities, serving…
Superalloys Market Growth | Trends, Demand & Forecast 2024-2031 | CRS Holdings I …
The Global Superalloys Market reached USD 6.5 billion in 2022 and is expected to reach USD 11.3 billion by 2031, growing with a CAGR of 7.9% during the forecast period 2024-2031.
Superalloys Market report, published by DataM Intelligence, provides in-depth insights and analysis on key market trends, growth opportunities, and emerging challenges. Committed to delivering actionable intelligence, DataM Intelligence empowers businesses to make informed decisions and stay ahead of the competition.…
Key Trend Reshaping the Furniture Market in 2025: Forecasting Size, Growth, and …
What combination of drivers is leading to accelerated growth in the furniture market?
The rising progression of the real estate sector is anticipated to push forward the growth trajectory of the furniture market. The real estate industry consists of multiple components related to property, encompassing construction, leasing, valuation, marketing, and management, stretching over commercial, residential, agricultural, and industrial properties. Within the commercial real estate realm, businesses necessitate furniture for office spaces,…
Construction Chemicals Market expected to Witness Huge Revenue Growth (2025 To 2 …
The Construction Chemicals Market Report is the result of extensive research and analysis conducted by our team of experienced market researchers. It encompasses a wide range of critical factors influencing the Construction Chemicals Market, including competitive landscape, consumer behavior, and technological advancements. This report serves as a valuable resource for industry players, helping them make informed decisions and stay ahead of the competition in a rapidly evolving market landscape. With…
Acetate Salt Market with Growth Trajectory and Innovations by 2032 | Jost Chemic …
The latest study, titled Acetate Salt Market 2025, Published by Coherent Market Insights, offers valuable insights into regional and global markets expected to grow between 2025 and 2032. This comprehensive research examines evolving market dynamics, value chain analysis, key investment areas, competitive landscape, regional trends, and major market segments. It also provides an in-depth evaluation of market drivers and constraints. Furthermore, the report highlights effective strategies and emerging opportunities, serving…
Leading Transformation in the Fuel Ethanol Market in 2025: Forecasting Size, Gro …
What industry-specific factors are fueling the growth of the fuel ethanol market?
The escalating use of ethanol as a fuel in the auto industry is projected to catalyze the expansion of the fuel ethanol market in the future. Automobiles, otherwise called motorcars or cars, are commonly four-wheeled vehicles used predominantly for moving people. Fuel ethanol finds its utility in powering these automobiles. For example, in January 2022, S&P Global Commodity Insights,…
Global Anti-Corrosion Coatings Market led by China, USA, Germany, and India, Dri …
The Global Anti-Corrosion Coating Market represents a significant section within the coatings sector, created to safeguard metal and other materials from deterioration caused by exposure to environmental elements, chemicals, and moisture. These coatings function as a protective shield, obstructing oxidation and rust development, which prolongs the lifespan of infrastructure, industrial machinery, and transportation vehicles. According to the research report, "Global Anti Corrosion Market Outlook, 2029" published by Bonafide Research,…
Fixing Agent Market Projected to Hit US$ 4.15 Bn by 2031 - Persistence Market Re …
The global fixing agent market is poised for significant growth, with projections indicating an expansion at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 5.3%, increasing from a valuation of US$ 2.89 billion in 2024 to US$ 4.15 billion by the end of 2031. This growth is primarily driven by the escalating demand for textile products, rapid industrialization in emerging economies, and a heightened emphasis on sustainable and eco-friendly solutions.
Get a…
Global Rare Earth Metals Market: Shaping the Future of Technology | Lynas Corpor …
Latest Research Study on Rare Earth Metals
Global Rare Earth Metals Market is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 9.0% during the forecast period 2024- 2031
Rare Earth Metals Market report, published by DataM Intelligence, provides in-depth insights and analysis on key market trends, growth opportunities, and emerging challenges. Committed to delivering actionable intelligence, DataM Intelligence empowers businesses to make informed decisions and stay ahead of the competition. Through a combination…
Hot-Melt-Based Adhesives Market Outlook 2025-2034: Key Trends, Growth Drivers, a …
Which drivers are expected to have the greatest impact on the over the hot-melt-based adhesives market's growth?
As awareness of environmental preservation grows, consumers are gravitating towards green products. Factors such as cost-effectiveness, zero VOC emissions, extended shelf life, non-decaying reusability, and swift drying capability contribute to making hot melt adhesives more eco-friendly than their counterparts. For instance, Bostik, among others, supplies hot-melt polyurethane adhesive to the textile industry using a…
Silver Powder for Solar Cell Paste Market Growth Analysis, Market Dynamics, Key …
Silver Powder for Solar Cell Paste is a critical material used in photovoltaic (PV) cells, playing a key role in enhancing the efficiency of solar energy conversion. This silver-based paste is primarily used in the front and rear contact grids of solar cells, ensuring optimal conductivity and energy efficiency.
Get more reports of this sample : https://www.intelmarketresearch.com/download-free-sample/616/silver-powder-for-solar-cell-paste
Get more reports of this sample : https://www.intelmarketresearch.com/download-free-sample/616/silver-powder-for-solar-cell-paste
▶ Market Size
The Global Silver Powder for Solar…
Driven by Malaysia, Indonesia, China, and the USA, the global oleochemicals mark …
The Global Oleochemicals Market pertains to the sector that manufactures chemicals derived from natural fats and oils, mainly obtained from plant-based sources such as palm oil, soybean oil, and coconut oil, in addition to animal fats. These chemicals act as sustainable substitutes for petrochemicals and are extensively utilized across sectors like personal care, pharmaceuticals, food and beverages, and industrial applications. Oleochemicals encompass fatty acids, glycerol, fatty alcohols, and methyl esters,…
Ferro Aluminum Market on Pace to Reach US$ 6.35 Bn by 2031 - Persistence Market …
The global ferro aluminum market is poised for steady growth, with projections indicating an expansion at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 4.5%, increasing from a value of US$ 4.67 billion in 2024 to US$ 6.35 billion by 2031. This growth is primarily driven by the escalating demand from the automotive and aerospace sectors, where the need for lightweight, high-strength materials is paramount.
Get a Sample PDF Brochure of…
Leading Transformation in the Fuel Ethanol Market in 2025: Forecasting Size, Gro …
What industry-specific factors are fueling the growth of the fuel ethanol market?
The escalating use of ethanol as a fuel in the auto industry is projected to catalyze the expansion of the fuel ethanol market in the future. Automobiles, otherwise called motorcars or cars, are commonly four-wheeled vehicles used predominantly for moving people. Fuel ethanol finds its utility in powering these automobiles. For example, in January 2022, S&P Global Commodity Insights,…
Grey Ammonia Market Hits New High | Major Giants Qafco,TogliattiAzot,Acron
HTF MI recently introduced Global Grey Ammonia Market study with 123+ pages in-depth overview, describing about the Product / Industry Scope and elaborates market outlook and status (2025-2030). The market Study is segmented by key regions which is accelerating the marketization. At present, the market is developing its presence and some of the key players from the complete study are Yara (Norway), CF Industries (United States), Nutrien (Canada), ADNOC (United…
Plastic Rigid IBC Market Forecast to Hit US$ 9.5 Bn by 2031 - Persistence Market …
The global plastic rigid intermediate bulk container (IBC) market is poised for significant growth, with projections indicating an expansion at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.9%, escalating from an anticipated value of US$ 5.9 billion in 2024 to US$ 9.5 billion by the end of 2031. This research report delves into the market's dynamics, encompassing growth drivers, restraints, opportunities, supply-side dynamics, and future outlook, drawing insights from Persistence…
How Nano Fibers Are Transforming Industries: Market Insights - Toray Companies, …
Nano Fibers Market Growing at a Significant CAGR of 18.6% during the forecast period (2024-2031).
Nano Fibers Market report, published by DataM Intelligence, provides in-depth insights and analysis on key market trends, growth opportunities, and emerging challenges. Committed to delivering actionable intelligence, DataM Intelligence empowers businesses to make informed decisions and stay ahead of the competition. Through a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods, it offers comprehensive reports that…
How to Establish a Successful Biodiesel Manufacturing Plant
Setting up a biodiesel manufacturing facility necessitates a detailed market analysis alongside granular insights into various operational aspects, including unit processes, raw material procurement, utility provisions, infrastructure setup, machinery and technology specifications, workforce planning, logistics, and financial considerations.
IMARC Group's report titled "Biodiesel Manufacturing Plant Project Report 2025: Industry Trends, Plant Setup, Machinery, Raw Materials, Investment Opportunities, Cost and Revenue" offers a comprehensive guide for establishing a biodiesel manufacturing plant,…
Step-by-Step Process for Setting Up a Hydrogen Manufacturing Plant
Setting up a hydrogen manufacturing facility necessitates a detailed market analysis alongside granular insights into various operational aspects, including unit processes, raw material procurement, utility provisions, infrastructure setup, machinery and technology specifications, workforce planning, logistics, and financial considerations.
IMARC Group's report titled "Hydrogen Manufacturing Plant Project Report 2025: Industry Trends, Plant Setup, Machinery, Raw Materials, Investment Opportunities, Cost and Revenue" offers a comprehensive guide for establishing a hydrogen manufacturing plant,…
Fire Resistant Fabric Market | Growth Trends, Demand & Industry Forecast 2024-20 …
The Global Fire Resistant Fabric Market size is estimated to have reached around USD 5 billion in 2022 and is projected to witness lucrative growth by reaching up to USD 7.5 billion by 2031. The market is growing at a CAGR of 5% during the forecast period (2024-2031).
Fire Resistant Fabric Market report, published by DataM Intelligence, provides in-depth insights and analysis on key market trends, growth opportunities, and emerging challenges.…
Flash Chromatography Market: A Deep Dive into the Future of Separations | Agilen …
The Flash Chromatography Market is growing at a CAGR of 4% during the forecast period 2024-2031.
Flash Chromatography Market report, published by DataM Intelligence, provides in-depth insights and analysis on key market trends, growth opportunities, and emerging challenges. Committed to delivering actionable intelligence, DataM Intelligence empowers businesses to make informed decisions and stay ahead of the competition. Through a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods, it offers comprehensive reports that…
Schottky Barrier Diode Market Estimated to Experience a Hike in Growth by 2032
The global Schottky Barrier Diode market was valued at approximately USD 1.7 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach around USD 2.5 billion by 2032, exhibiting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.4% from 2024 to 2032.
Schottky Barrier Diode Market Overview
The Schottky Barrier Diode market is experiencing steady growth due to increasing demand for high-speed and low-power semiconductor devices in applications such as automotive, consumer electronics,…
Azo Dyes Market Outlook: Growth Strategies for Stakeholders | Huntsman, Archroma …
Azo Dye market is estimated to reach a high CAGR during the forecast period (2024-2031).
Azo Dye Market report, published by DataM Intelligence, provides in-depth insights and analysis on key market trends, growth opportunities, and emerging challenges. Committed to delivering actionable intelligence, DataM Intelligence empowers businesses to make informed decisions and stay ahead of the competition. Through a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods, it offers comprehensive reports that help…
Electrical Network Analyser Market: A Comprehensive Overview
The global Electrical Network Analyzer market was valued at approximately USD 850 million in 2023 and is projected to reach around USD 1.4 billion by 2032, exhibiting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.5% from 2024 to 2032.
Electrical Network Analyser Market Overview
The Electrical Network Analyzer market is growing steadily due to the increasing demand for efficient power monitoring and network analysis in industries such as energy, telecommunications,…
Modular Construction Market Analysis by Type Material Module and End-Use with Gr …
InsightAce Analytic Pvt. Ltd. announces the release of a market assessment report on the "Global Modular Construction Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Type (permanent, relocatable), Module (Four-Sided Modules, Open-Sided Modules, Partially Open Sided Modules, Mixed Modules & Floor Cassettes, Modules Supported By a Primary Structure), Material (steel, wood, concrete), End-user (residential, office, education, retail & commercial, hospitality, healthcare), Region, Market Outlook And Industry Analysis 2031"
The global modular…
Hybrid Additive Manufacturing Market: A Comprehensive Analysis
Introduction
Hybrid additive manufacturing (HAM) is revolutionizing the manufacturing industry by combining the strengths of additive manufacturing (3D printing) with traditional subtractive methods like milling, turning, and grinding. This integration enhances production efficiency, reduces material waste, and improves the quality of finished products. Hybrid additive manufacturing is widely adopted in industries such as aerospace, automotive, healthcare, and tooling due to its ability to produce complex geometries with high precision. This article…
Global Green Coatings Market to Reach USD 213.83 Billion by 2033, Driven by Sust …
The global green coatings market is projected to experience steady growth, reaching a valuation of USD 213.83 billion by 2033, driven by increasing environmental concerns and stringent regulations promoting sustainable solutions. With a modest CAGR of 5% from 2023 to 2033, the market is witnessing rising demand across industries such as construction, automotive, and packaging, where eco-friendly coatings are preferred for their low VOC emissions and minimal environmental impact.
Advancements…
Hexagonal Boron Nitride Powder Market: A Comprehensive Analysis
Introduction
Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) powder is gaining significant traction across various industries due to its exceptional properties. It is a synthetic ceramic material known for its excellent thermal conductivity, electrical insulation, chemical inertness, and lubricating properties. These characteristics make it a vital component in applications ranging from electronics to aerospace and coatings. As industries continue to explore advanced materials for improved performance, the demand for h-BN powder is poised for…
Resealable Films Market Expected to Hit US$7.4 Bn by 2031, Growing at a 5.4% CAG …
Introduction: The Expanding Scope of Resealable Films Market
The global resealable films market is poised for significant expansion, driven by increasing demand for sustainable and convenient packaging solutions. According to Persistence Market Research, the market is projected to reach US$7.4 billion by 2031, growing at a steady CAGR of 5.4% from 2024 onwards. This growth is fueled by heightened consumer preference for resealable packaging in food, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products,…
Global Immersion Cooling Fluids Market to Reach $3.34 Billion by 2029, Growing a …
What industry-specific factors are fueling the growth of the immersion cooling fluids market?
The surge in the need for data centers is predicted to fuel the expansion of the immersion cooling fluids market. Data centers are expansive interconnected computer server sets that are generally utilized by companies for remote processing, storage, or transmission of large data volumes. With the increasing need for data centers, there is a subsequent rise in the…
Eco Fibers Market Size and Share Analysis Report Highlights Growth Drivers, Mark …
InsightAce Analytic Pvt. Ltd. announces the release of a market assessment report on the "Global Eco Fibers Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Product Type (Natural Fibers, Regenerate/Manmade Fibers, Recycled Fibers And Organic Fibers) And Application (Textile/Apparel, Industrial, Medical Purposes, Household & Furnishing And Others. )- Market Outlook And Industry Analysis 2031"
The Global Eco Fibers Market is estimated to reach over USD 102.16 billion by 2031, exhibiting a…
Transforming Waste into Wealth: The Rapid Growth of the Bottom Ash Recycling Ins …
In an era defined by sustainable practices and circular economy initiatives, the bottom ash recycling installations market is emerging as a pivotal sector in the global waste management and recycling industry. This dynamic market is not only transforming industrial by-products into valuable resources but also addressing environmental challenges through innovative recycling technologies. With an increasing focus on reducing landfill waste and carbon emissions, bottom ash recycling is rapidly gaining traction…
Leading Element Driving Change in the Hydrogen Peroxide Market in 2025: Hydrogen …
Which drivers are expected to have the greatest impact on the over the hydrogen peroxide market's growth?
The hydrogen peroxide market expansion is fueled by the escalating demand for eco-friendly solutions. Hydrogen Peroxide has the potential to act as a disinfectant when combined with other substances, making it ideal for sanitizing health facilities and residences. Moreover, it is economically efficient and repeatedly recyclable, further establishing it as an eco-friendly solution. Consider…
Household Furniture And Kitchen Cabinet Market Forecast 2025-2034: Analysing Maj …
What combination of drivers is leading to accelerated growth in the household furniture and kitchen cabinet market?
The surge in online shopping is anticipated to boost the household furniture and kitchen cabinets market. E-commerce, defined as the digital commerce of goods and services, has fundamentally transformed the domestic furniture market. It offers customers a straightforward, efficient, and transparent platform to investigate, compare, and buy appliances. Moreover, it provides businesses with the…
Night Vision Filters Market: Emerging Trends and Growth Forecast to 2032
The global Night Vision Filters market was valued at approximately USD 5.2 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach around USD 9.8 billion by 2032, exhibiting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of approximately 7.1% from 2024 to 2032.
Night Vision Filters Market Overview
The Night Vision Filters market is experiencing significant growth due to rising demand in defense, security, automotive, and aerospace applications. These filters enhance visibility in…
Vinyl Chloride Monomer Market Global Scope, Industry Growth, and Regional Insigh …
Vinyl Chloride Monomer market reach at a significant market growth during the forecast period 2024-2031
Vinyl Chloride Monomer Market report, published by DataM Intelligence, provides in-depth insights and analysis on key market trends, growth opportunities, and emerging challenges. Committed to delivering actionable intelligence, DataM Intelligence empowers businesses to make informed decisions and stay ahead of the competition. Through a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods, it offers comprehensive reports that…
High-Density Polyethylene Market Set to Reach $186.91 Billion by 2029 with 10.1% …
What combination of drivers is leading to accelerated growth in the high-density polyethylene market?
The primary market stimulants are PE-HD's (high-density polyethylene) unique characteristics such as lightness, impact resistance, flexibility, and low-temperature endurance. These traits have surged the demand for PE-HD across several industries including manufacturing, energy, geothermal, maritime, mining, landfill, HVAC, gas, oil, and agricultural sectors. Being non-toxic, resistant to corrosion and chemicals, and having a long lifespan makes HDPE…
Hydrogenation Catalyst Market is expected to reach US$ 5.2 billion by 2031, grow …
Global Hydrogenation Catalyst Market reached US$ 3.7 billion in 2023 and is expected to reach US$ 5.2 billion by 2031, growing with a CAGR of 4.2% during the forecast period 2024-2031.
Hydrogenation Catalyst Market report, published by DataM Intelligence, provides in-depth insights and analysis on key market trends, growth opportunities, and emerging challenges. Committed to delivering actionable intelligence, DataM Intelligence empowers businesses to make informed decisions and stay ahead of the…
High Purity Solvent Market Forecast 2025-2034: Evaluating Growth Factors, Segmen …
What industry-specific factors are fueling the growth of the high purity solvent market?
The growth of the high purity solvent market is expected to be driven by the increasing demand for paints and coatings. These are generally liquid, liquefiable, or mastic substances that solidify once thinly applied to a substrate. High purity solvents play a crucial role in dissolving various elements in the formulation of paints and coatings. For example, as…
Global Silicone Market Poised for Robust Growth Amid Rising Demand in Key Indust …
The global silicone market is poised for steady growth, with sales projected to reach USD 18,432.1 million in 2024 and climb to USD 29,456.9 million by 2034, reflecting a CAGR of 4.8% over the forecast period. This expansion is driven by increasing demand across diverse industries, including automotive, construction, electronics, and healthcare, where silicone's versatility, durability, and thermal stability make it a critical material.
Innovations in sustainable and high-performance silicone…
Lubricant Additives Market 2025 to Experience Exponential Growth | SkyQuest Tech …
According to SkyQuest Technology Group, Lubricant Additives Market size is poised to grow from USD 17.95 Billion in 2024 to USD 25.14 Billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 4.30% during the forecast period (2025-2032). These findings equip business leaders with essential insights to develop effective strategies and enhance profitability, while also serving as a valuable resource for emerging businesses, helping them make informed decisions as they navigate the…
Global Chelating Agent Market to Reach USD 14.45 Billion by 2035, Growing at a 5 …
The global chelating agent market is poised for significant growth from 2025 to 2035, driven by rising demand across water treatment, industrial cleaning, pulp & paper processing, and agricultural sectors. The market is projected to expand from USD 8,224.0 million in 2025 to approximately USD 14,452.3 million by 2035, reflecting a CAGR of 5.8% during the forecast period.
Chelating agents play a crucial role in stabilizing metal ions, preventing scale formation,…
