openPR Logo
Press release

DBA Ceramic Substrates Market 2025, Growth Opportunities, Application Expansion, and Competitive Landscape Analysis

10-17-2025 10:04 AM CET | Business, Economy, Finances, Banking & Insurance

Press release from: QYResearch Inc.

DBA Ceramic Substrates Market

DBA Ceramic Substrates Market

QY Research has recently published a research report titled, "Global DBA Ceramic Substrates Market Share and Ranking, Overall Sales and Demand Forecast 2025-2031". The report offers a complete compilation of first-hand and authentic information on the global DBA Ceramic Substrates market taking into consideration market dynamics, segmentation, current developments, market trends, and competitive analysis. It also includes the qualitative and quantitative assessment by the leading industry analysts. Additionally, growth factors, micro and macroeconomic indicators, and emerging market trends are being scrutinized in the report. Impact of various factors on the global DBA Ceramic Substrates market growth has also been mapped by the report.

The researchers have done a detailed assessment on the global DBA Ceramic Substrates market with the help of suitable assumptions as well as methodologies. They have offered thoughtful insights, historical data, facts, and statistics, which will prove helpful for the market participants to strategize and make effective decisions to stay ahead of the curve.

The global market for DBA Ceramic Substrates was estimated to be worth US$ 16.14 million in 2024 and is forecast to a readjusted size of US$ 36.57 million by 2031 with a CAGR of 12.0% during the forecast period 2025-2031.

Download Exclusive Research Report PDF Sample: (Including Full TOC, List of Tables & Figures, Chart) @ https://www.qyresearch.in/request-sample/electronics-semiconductor-dba-ceramic-substrates-market-share-and-ranking-overall-sales-and-demand-forecast-2025-2031

DBA (Direct Bonded Aluminum) substrates are electronic components in which aluminum is directly bonded to a ceramic substrate such as aluminum nitride (AlN) or alumina (Al2O3), and then forming an aluminum circuit. With excellent thermal shock resistance and electrical characteristics, it is an ideal material for high-voltage, large-current power devices.Applications include Renewable energy, Electric trains, EVs, and more.

North American market for DBA (Direct Bonded Aluminum) Substrate was valued at $ 1.31 million in 2024 and will reach $ 2.33 million by 2031, at a CAGR of 8.6 % during the forecast period of 2025 through 2031.

Europe market for DBA (Direct Bonded Aluminum) Substrate was valued at $ 3.87 million in 2024 and will reach $ 7.08 million by 2031, at a CAGR of 9.27% during the forecast period of 2025 through 2031.

Japan market for DBA (Direct Bonded Aluminum) Substrate was valued at $ 8.94 million in 2024 and will reach $ 17.81 million by 2031, at a CAGR of 10.58% during the forecast period of 2025 through 2031.

China market for DBA (Direct Bonded Aluminum) Substrate was valued at $ 1.75 million in 2024 and will reach $ 8.82 million by 2031, at a CAGR of 20.58% during the forecast period of 2025 through 2031.

The global key companies of DBA (Direct Bonded Aluminum) Substrate include Mitsubishi Materials, DENKA, DOWA METALTECH, Littelfuse IXYS, Ferrotec (Jiangsu Fulehua Semiconductor Technology), etc. In 2024, the global three largest players hold a share approximately 85.7% in terms of revenue.

Market Drivers and Restraints-

The DBA Ceramic Substrates research report presents a detailed case of the drivers in the global market. It evaluates each one in complete detail. Analysts have distinguished between needs and wants to calculate the supply and demand dynamics. The report also presents a detailed description of the changing consumer behavior, improving incomes, and shifting government policies. The DBA Ceramic Substrates research report also describes the evolution of trends that have raised the demand in recent years. Factors such as awareness about the increasing carbon footprint and greenhouse effect have been studied in this report. The report provides a comprehensive outlook of the global DBA Ceramic Substrates market to its readers.

The report also discusses the possible threats to the global DBA Ceramic Substrates market. It highlights the undercurrents that are expected to sway the market in the opposite direction. Analysts have taken utmost care to present this information with thorough calculation. However, the restraining factors come with an explanation of how to overcome the mounting stress on the players. The report provides a unique insight into the lucrative market segments that could change the game for the overall DBA Ceramic Substrates market. Analysts have explained the possible technologies and type of approach towards research that could help the market turn the restraints into opportunities.

Market players need to be equipped with the information regarding the current and future competitive scenario in order to keep a check on their competitors' activities as well as execute their business strategies. This report will surely suffice as the analysts have critically examined the competitive scenario and have offered reliable forecasts. With this information, companies can understand the current and future market scenario and plan their tactics to gain a competitive edge over others.

Key Players Mentioned in the Global DBA Ceramic Substrates Market Research Report:

Mitsubishi Materials
DOWA Metaltech
Denka
Littelfuse IXYS
Jiangsu Fulehua Semiconductor Technology

The research report provides analysis based on the global DBA Ceramic Substrates market segments including product types, end user, application, and geography. Each and every segment has been studied on the basis of factors such as market share, market size, CAGR, demand, and growth potential. Moreover, the market analysts have identified the leading regions having growth potential. This segmental study will assist the key players to stress on key growth areas of the global DBA Ceramic Substrates market and according plan their further strategies.

Segment by Type:

0.635mm DBA Substrate
0.38mm DBA Substrate
Other Thickness

Segment by Application:

Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)
Power Grid
Rail Transit and Industrial Machinery

Key regions including but not limited to North America, Asia Pacific, Europe, and the MEA are exhaustively analyzed based on market size, CAGR, market potential, economic and political factors, regulatory scenarios, and other significant parameters. The regional analysis provided in the DBA Ceramic Substrates report will help market participants to identify lucrative and untapped business opportunities in different regions and countries. It includes a special study on production and production rate, import and export, and consumption in each regional DBA Ceramic Substrates market considered for research. The report also offers detailed analysis of country-level DBA Ceramic Substrates markets.

Segment by Region

North America (U.S., Canada, Mexico)
Europe (Germany, France, UK, Italy, etc.)
Asia Pacific (China, Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia, India, etc.)
South America (Brazil, etc.)
Middle East and Africa (Turkey, GCC Countries, Africa, etc.)

Important Questions Answered included in the Report:

(A) What is the market size and growth rate of the global and regional market by various segments?

(B) What is the market size and growth rate of the market for selective Countries?

(C) Which region or sub-segment is expected to drive the market in the forecast period?

(D) What factors are estimated to drive and restrain the market growth?

(E) What are the key technology and market trends shaping the market?

(F) what are the key opportunity in the market?

(G) Who are the leading manufacturers operating in the global DBA Ceramic Substrates market?

(H) Which key player accounted for the highest market share?

(I) What are the growth opportunities for the new entrants in the global DBA Ceramic Substrates market?

Request Pre-Order Enquiry or Customized Research On This Report: https://www.qyresearch.in/pre-order-inquiry/electronics-semiconductor-dba-ceramic-substrates-market-share-and-ranking-overall-sales-and-demand-forecast-2025-2031

Table Of Content

1 Market Overview
1.1 DBA Ceramic Substrates Product Introduction
1.2 Global DBA Ceramic Substrates Market Size Forecast
1.2.1 Global DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Value (2020-2031)
1.2.2 Global DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Volume (2020-2031)
1.2.3 Global DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Price (2020-2031)
1.3 DBA Ceramic Substrates Market Trends & Drivers
1.3.1 DBA Ceramic Substrates Industry Trends
1.3.2 DBA Ceramic Substrates Market Drivers & Opportunity
1.3.3 DBA Ceramic Substrates Market Challenges
1.3.4 DBA Ceramic Substrates Market Restraints
1.4 Assumptions and Limitations
1.5 Study Objectives
1.6 Years Considered
2 Competitive Analysis by Company
2.1 Global DBA Ceramic Substrates Players Revenue Ranking (2024)
2.2 Global DBA Ceramic Substrates Revenue by Company (2020-2025)
2.3 Global DBA Ceramic Substrates Players Sales Volume Ranking (2024)
2.4 Global DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Volume by Company Players (2020-2025)
2.5 Global DBA Ceramic Substrates Average Price by Company (2020-2025)
2.6 Key Manufacturers DBA Ceramic Substrates Manufacturing Base and Headquarters
2.7 Key Manufacturers DBA Ceramic Substrates Product Offered
2.8 Key Manufacturers Time to Begin Mass Production of DBA Ceramic Substrates
2.9 DBA Ceramic Substrates Market Competitive Analysis
2.9.1 DBA Ceramic Substrates Market Concentration Rate (2020-2025)
2.9.2 Global 5 and 10 Largest Manufacturers by DBA Ceramic Substrates Revenue in 2024
2.9.3 Global Top Manufacturers by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in DBA Ceramic Substrates as of 2024)
2.10 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
3 Segmentation by Substrate Thickness
3.1 Introduction by Substrate Thickness
3.1.1 0.635mm DBA Substrate
3.1.2 0.38mm DBA Substrate
3.1.3 Other Thickness
3.2 Global DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Value by Substrate Thickness
3.2.1 Global DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Value by Substrate Thickness (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
3.2.2 Global DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Value, by Substrate Thickness (2020-2031)
3.2.3 Global DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Value, by Substrate Thickness (%) (2020-2031)
3.3 Global DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Volume by Substrate Thickness
3.3.1 Global DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Volume by Substrate Thickness (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
3.3.2 Global DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Volume, by Substrate Thickness (2020-2031)
3.3.3 Global DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Volume, by Substrate Thickness (%) (2020-2031)
3.4 Global DBA Ceramic Substrates Average Price by Substrate Thickness (2020-2031)
4 Segmentation by Application
4.1 Introduction by Application
4.1.1 Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)
4.1.2 Power Grid, Rail Transit, and Industrial Machinery
4.2 Global DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Value by Application
4.2.1 Global DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Value by Application (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
4.2.2 Global DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Value, by Application (2020-2031)
4.2.3 Global DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Value, by Application (%) (2020-2031)
4.3 Global DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Volume by Application
4.3.1 Global DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Volume by Application (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
4.3.2 Global DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Volume, by Application (2020-2031)
4.3.3 Global DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Volume, by Application (%) (2020-2031)
4.4 Global DBA Ceramic Substrates Average Price by Application (2020-2031)
5 Segmentation by Region
5.1 Global DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Value by Region
5.1.1 Global DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Value by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
5.1.2 Global DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Value by Region (2020-2025)
5.1.3 Global DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Value by Region (2026-2031)
5.1.4 Global DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Value by Region (%), (2020-2031)
5.2 Global DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Volume by Region
5.2.1 Global DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Volume by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
5.2.2 Global DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Volume by Region (2020-2025)
5.2.3 Global DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Volume by Region (2026-2031)
5.2.4 Global DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Volume by Region (%), (2020-2031)
5.3 Global DBA Ceramic Substrates Average Price by Region (2020-2031)
5.4 North America
5.4.1 North America DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Value, 2020-2031
5.4.2 North America DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Value by Country (%), 2024 VS 2031
5.5 Europe
5.5.1 Europe DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Value, 2020-2031
5.5.2 Europe DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Value by Country (%), 2024 VS 2031
5.6 Asia Pacific
5.6.1 Asia Pacific DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Value, 2020-2031
5.6.2 Asia Pacific DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Value by Region (%), 2024 VS 2031
5.7 South America
5.7.1 South America DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Value, 2020-2031
5.7.2 South America DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Value by Country (%), 2024 VS 2031
5.8 Middle East & Africa
5.8.1 Middle East & Africa DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Value, 2020-2031
5.8.2 Middle East & Africa DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Value by Country (%), 2024 VS 2031
6 Segmentation by Key Countries/Regions
6.1 Key Countries/Regions DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Value Growth Trends, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
6.2 Key Countries/Regions DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Value and Sales Volume
6.2.1 Key Countries/Regions DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Value, 2020-2031
6.2.2 Key Countries/Regions DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Volume, 2020-2031
6.3 United States
6.3.1 United States DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Value, 2020-2031
6.3.2 United States DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Value by Substrate Thickness (%), 2024 VS 2031
6.3.3 United States DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Value by Application, 2024 VS 2031
6.4 Europe
6.4.1 Europe DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Value, 2020-2031
6.4.2 Europe DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Value by Substrate Thickness (%), 2024 VS 2031
6.4.3 Europe DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Value by Application, 2024 VS 2031
6.5 China
6.5.1 China DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Value, 2020-2031
6.5.2 China DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Value by Substrate Thickness (%), 2024 VS 2031
6.5.3 China DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Value by Application, 2024 VS 2031
6.6 Japan
6.6.1 Japan DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Value, 2020-2031
6.6.2 Japan DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Value by Substrate Thickness (%), 2024 VS 2031
6.6.3 Japan DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Value by Application, 2024 VS 2031
6.7 South Korea
6.7.1 South Korea DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Value, 2020-2031
6.7.2 South Korea DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Value by Substrate Thickness (%), 2024 VS 2031
6.7.3 South Korea DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Value by Application, 2024 VS 2031
6.8 Southeast Asia
6.8.1 Southeast Asia DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Value, 2020-2031
6.8.2 Southeast Asia DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Value by Substrate Thickness (%), 2024 VS 2031
6.8.3 Southeast Asia DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Value by Application, 2024 VS 2031
6.9 India
6.9.1 India DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Value, 2020-2031
6.9.2 India DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Value by Substrate Thickness (%), 2024 VS 2031
6.9.3 India DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Value by Application, 2024 VS 2031
7 Company Profiles
7.1 Mitsubishi Materials
7.1.1 Mitsubishi Materials Company Information
7.1.2 Mitsubishi Materials Introduction and Business Overview
7.1.3 Mitsubishi Materials DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.1.4 Mitsubishi Materials DBA Ceramic Substrates Product Offerings
7.1.5 Mitsubishi Materials Recent Development
7.2 DOWA Metaltech
7.2.1 DOWA Metaltech Company Information
7.2.2 DOWA Metaltech Introduction and Business Overview
7.2.3 DOWA Metaltech DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.2.4 DOWA Metaltech DBA Ceramic Substrates Product Offerings
7.2.5 DOWA Metaltech Recent Development
7.3 Denka
7.3.1 Denka Company Information
7.3.2 Denka Introduction and Business Overview
7.3.3 Denka DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.3.4 Denka DBA Ceramic Substrates Product Offerings
7.3.5 Denka Recent Development
7.4 Littelfuse IXYS
7.4.1 Littelfuse IXYS Company Information
7.4.2 Littelfuse IXYS Introduction and Business Overview
7.4.3 Littelfuse IXYS DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.4.4 Littelfuse IXYS DBA Ceramic Substrates Product Offerings
7.4.5 Littelfuse IXYS Recent Development
7.5 Jiangsu Fulehua Semiconductor Technology
7.5.1 Jiangsu Fulehua Semiconductor Technology Company Information
7.5.2 Jiangsu Fulehua Semiconductor Technology Introduction and Business Overview
7.5.3 Jiangsu Fulehua Semiconductor Technology DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.5.4 Jiangsu Fulehua Semiconductor Technology DBA Ceramic Substrates Product Offerings
7.5.5 Jiangsu Fulehua Semiconductor Technology Recent Development
8 Industry Chain Analysis
8.1 DBA Ceramic Substrates Industrial Chain
8.2 DBA Ceramic Substrates Upstream Analysis
8.2.1 Key Raw Materials
8.2.2 Raw Materials Key Suppliers
8.2.3 Manufacturing Cost Structure
8.3 Midstream Analysis
8.4 Downstream Analysis (Customers Analysis)
8.5 Sales Model and Sales Channels
8.5.1 DBA Ceramic Substrates Sales Model
8.5.2 Sales Channel
8.5.3 DBA Ceramic Substrates Distributors
9 Research Findings and Conclusion
10 Appendix
10.1 Research Methodology
10.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
10.1.1.1 Research Programs/Design
10.1.1.2 Market Size Estimation
10.1.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
10.1.2 Data Source
10.1.2.1 Secondary Sources
10.1.2.2 Primary Sources
10.2 Author Details
10.3 Disclaimer

Contact US

Ankit Jain - Director, Global Digital Marketing

QY Research, INC.
India Office -
315Work Avenue, Raheja Woods, Kalyani Nagar,
Pune, Maharashtra 411006, India
Web - https://www.qyresearch.in
Email- ankit@qyresearch.com

About US:

QYResearch is a leading global market research and consulting company established in 2007. With over 17 years' experience and professional research team in various cities over the world QY Research focuses on management consulting, database and seminar services, IPO consulting, industry chain research and customized research to help our clients in providing non-linear revenue model and make them successful. We are globally recognized for our expansive portfolio of services, good corporate citizenship, and our strong commitment to sustainability.

This release was published on openPR.

Permanent link to this press release:

Copy
Please set a link in the press area of your homepage to this press release on openPR. openPR disclaims liability for any content contained in this release.

You can edit or delete your press release DBA Ceramic Substrates Market 2025, Growth Opportunities, Application Expansion, and Competitive Landscape Analysis here

News-ID: 4228947 • Views:

More Releases from QYResearch Inc.

Lithography Steppers Market 2025, Global Industry Trends, Application Insights, and Forecast Analysis for Key Market Players
Lithography Steppers Market 2025, Global Industry Trends, Application Insights, …
QY Research has recently published a research report titled, "Global Lithography Steppers Market Share and Ranking, Overall Sales and Demand Forecast 2025-2031". The report offers a complete compilation of first-hand and authentic information on the global Lithography Steppers market taking into consideration market dynamics, segmentation, current developments, market trends, and competitive analysis. It also includes the qualitative and quantitative assessment by the leading industry analysts. Additionally, growth factors, micro and
Radiation Resistant Lighting Market 2025, Emerging Applications, Market Drivers, and Forecast Insights
Radiation Resistant Lighting Market 2025, Emerging Applications, Market Drivers, …
QY Research has recently published a research report titled, "Global Radiation Resistant Lighting Market Share and Ranking, Overall Sales and Demand Forecast 2025-2031". The report offers a complete compilation of first-hand and authentic information on the global Radiation Resistant Lighting market taking into consideration market dynamics, segmentation, current developments, market trends, and competitive analysis. It also includes the qualitative and quantitative assessment by the leading industry analysts. Additionally, growth factors,
CZT Radiation Detectors Market Forecast 2025, Emerging Demand, Key Players, and Industry Outlook
CZT Radiation Detectors Market Forecast 2025, Emerging Demand, Key Players, and …
QY Research has recently published a research report titled, "Global CZT Radiation Detectors Market Share and Ranking, Overall Sales and Demand Forecast 2025-2031". The report offers a complete compilation of first-hand and authentic information on the global CZT Radiation Detectors market taking into consideration market dynamics, segmentation, current developments, market trends, and competitive analysis. It also includes the qualitative and quantitative assessment by the leading industry analysts. Additionally, growth factors,
Composite Pipe System Market Outlook 2025, Innovations, Growth Projections, and Strategic Market Analysis
Composite Pipe System Market Outlook 2025, Innovations, Growth Projections, and …
QY Research has recently published a research report titled, "Global Composite Pipe System Market Share and Ranking, Overall Sales and Demand Forecast 2025-2031". The report offers a complete compilation of first-hand and authentic information on the global Composite Pipe System market taking into consideration market dynamics, segmentation, current developments, market trends, and competitive analysis. It also includes the qualitative and quantitative assessment by the leading industry analysts. Additionally, growth factors,

All 5 Releases


More Releases for Substrate

IC Substrate Micro Drill Market
IC Substrate Micro Drill Market Overview IC Substrate drilling is an important process in IC manufacturing. The drill bit range used for IC Substrate is generally 0.075~0.400mm, with the main specifications below 0.2mm. This report provides a deep insight into the global IC Substrate Micro Drill market covering all its essential aspects. This ranges from a macro overview of the market to micro details of the market size, competitive landscape, development trend,
HTCC Ceramic Substrate Market
HTCC Ceramic Substrate Market Overview HTCC Substrate means High Temperature Co-fired Ceramics Substrate, that is a kind of multilayer ceramic substrate obtained by co-firing a ceramic with a metal pattern such as tungsten or molybdenum which as a high melting point property. Generally, the fired temperature of HTCC substrate is 1500 to 1600 C. HTCC substrate provides the properties of high strength, good heat dissipation, high reliability. The technology is also
GaN Single Crystal Substrate Market
GaN Single Crystal Substrate Market Overview GaN single crystal substrates are a material that enables the production of high-performance power semiconductors. GaN can deliver dramatically improved performance across a wide range of applications while reducing the energy and physical space required to deliver that performance compared to traditional silicon technologies. This report provides a deep insight into the global GaN Single Crystal Substrate market covering all its essential aspects. This ranges from
Gallium Nitride Wafer Substrate Market
Gallium Nitride Wafer Substrate Market Overview Gallium Nitride Wafer Substrate is a high-quality single-crystal substrate. It is made with original HVPE method and wafer processing technology, which has been originally developed for many years. The features are high crystalline, good uniformity, and superior surface quality. This report provides a deep insight into the global Gallium Nitride Wafer Substrate market covering all its essential aspects. This ranges from a macro overview of the
Embedded Substrate (ETS) Market
Embedded Substrate (ETS) Market Overview Embedded Substrate technology is the inclusion of at least one active or passive electrical component within the conductive layers of a substrate, which is a planar structure composed of multiple conductive and insulating layers. Using this technology, it is possible to reduce size, to increase power density, and to improve performance. This report provides a deep insight into the global Embedded Substrate (ETS) market covering all its
Ceramic Substrate Market Research Report
The global Ceramic Substrate market was valued at US$ 759 million in 2022 and is anticipated to reach US$ 3022 million by 2029, witnessing a CAGR of 20.1% during the forecast period 2023-2029. This report studies the metallized ceramic substrates, covers the DBC ceramic substrates, DPC ceramic substrates, AMB ceramic substrates and others. The main ceramic materials are Al2O3, AlN, and SiN. The influence of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine War were considered