Modern Methods for Aminoguanidine Bicarbonate Synthesis and Their Industrial Applications

Aminoguanidine bicarbonate [https://www.starskychemical.com/aminoguanidine-bicarbonate-aminoguanidine-hydrogen-carbonate-2582-30-1-product/] now benefits from advanced synthesis methods that use simple, green, and one-pot aqueous reactions. These approaches increase product purity and reduce reaction steps. Manufacturers achieve higher yields and better control over the process, improving industrial efficiency.

Global production volumes keep rising, with China holding a major share.

Forecasts show steady growth in production and sales through 2029.

Modern synthesis methods for aminoguanidine bicarbonate improve yield, purity, and safety while reducing reaction steps and costs.

Key industrial synthesis routes include cyanamide-hydrazine reactions, electrolytic reduction, and calcium cyanamide processes, each offering high product quality.

Careful control of reaction temperature, pH, and raw materials ensures consistent product purity above 90%, suitable for large-scale production.

Aminoguanidine bicarbonate plays a vital role in pharmaceuticals, pesticides, dyes, and emerging material science applications, driving global market growth.

Green chemistry and advanced safety protocols make modern production eco-friendly and protect workers, supporting sustainable industrial practices

Specification

Items
Specifications

Appearance
White or slightly red crystalline powder

Purity
greater than or equal to 99%
greater than or equal to 99.5%

Insoluble substances
less than or equal to 0.03%
less than or equal to 0.02%

Residue on ignition
less than or equal to 0.0 %
less than or equal to 0.03%

Cl
less than or equal to 0.01%
less than or equal to 0.006%

Fe
less than or equal to 8ppm
less than or equal to 5ppm

SO4
less than or equal to 0.007%
less than or equal to 0.005%

Moisture
less than or equal to 0.2%
less than or equal to 0.15%

Aminoguanidine Bicarbonate Synthesis Methods

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Cyanamide and Hydrazine-Based Synthesis

Chemists often use cyanamide and hydrazine as starting materials to produce aminoguanidine bicarbonate. This method involves a controlled reaction in water, which helps maintain high product purity. The process uses hydrazine hydrate and lime nitrogen (calcium cyanamide) in a specific ratio. Operators keep the pH between 7.2 and 7.5 and start the reaction at 45 degrees C. After mixing, they heat the solution to 70 degrees C for three hours. Crystallization occurs at 10 degrees C over four hours. This method produces a high yield and purity, making it suitable for industrial use.

Process Parameters Table

The following table summarizes the main parameters for this synthesis route:

Parameter
Details/Values

Raw materials
Hydrazine hydrate, lime nitrogen, sulfuric acid, ammonium bicarbonate

Material ratio
Hydrazine hydrate : lime nitrogen = 1 : 2

Water consumption
100 mL

pH value
7.2 - 7.5

Reaction temperature
45 degrees C (initial), heat at 70 degrees C for 3 hours

Crystallization temperature
10 degrees C

Crystallization time
4 hours

Product yield
96.07%

Product purity
98%

This approach gives manufacturers a reliable way to produce aminoguanidine bicarbonate with excellent consistency.

Electrolytic Reduction of Nitroguanidine

The electrolytic reduction of nitroguanidine offers another modern route for aminoguanidine bicarbonate synthesis. This method uses electricity to reduce nitroguanidine in a controlled environment. The process can achieve high selectivity, but it also presents safety and environmental challenges.

Nitroguanidine is explosive and toxic. Workers must control dust and keep ignition sources away.

Proper ventilation and personal protective equipment, such as gloves and goggles, are essential.

Facilities must prevent environmental discharge and avoid letting chemicals enter drains.

Spills require careful cleanup using electrically protected equipment or wet methods.

Storage must occur in tightly closed containers, away from heat and ignition.

Fire hazards include the risk of explosion if exposed to heat, flame, or shock.

Emergency procedures include avoiding inhalation and skin contact, with immediate medical attention if exposure occurs.

Electrostatic discharge prevention is critical during handling and storage.

Nitroguanidine can also undergo microbial and abiotic reduction in the environment, which highlights the importance of proper waste management and remediation strategies in industrial settings.

Calcium Cyanamide and Hydrazine Hydrate Process

The calcium cyanamide and hydrazine hydrate process stands out for its efficiency and product quality. In this method, operators mix calcium cyanamide with hydrazine hydrate under controlled conditions. They maintain an acidic pH, usually between 5 and 6, and keep the temperature below 85 degrees C. This prevents unwanted side reactions and ensures a high yield.

The process achieves yields above 90%, with some reports showing a 92.4% yield based on hydrazine hydrate. The resulting aminoguanidine bicarbonate appears as a white solid with purity levels of 90% or higher. Even when using commercial-grade calcium cyanamide, impurities remain dissolved and do not affect the product's color or quality. This eliminates the need for extra purification steps. Operators optimize the weight ratios of hydrazine hydrate to calcium cyanamide and to alkali metal bicarbonate to maximize yield and purity. This method provides an economical and scalable solution for producing high-purity aminoguanidine bicarbonate.

Process Conditions and Optimization for Aminoguanidine BicarbonateRaw Materials and Reagents

Modern synthesis of aminoguanidine bicarbonate [https://www.starskychemical.com/aminoguanidine-bicarbonate-aminoguanidine-hydrogen-carbonate-2582-30-1-product/] relies on a selection of safe and efficient raw materials. Chemists often choose cyanamide, carbon dioxide, ammonia, and trichloroacetonitrile (CClCN) as primary reagents. Secondary amines serve as substrates in cyanation reactions. Catalytic systems, such as copper cyanide (CuCN) with TMEDA and molecular oxygen, help drive N-cyanation steps. Many processes use base-mediated reactions to form cyanamides, producing benign byproducts like sodium chloride. Green chemistry approaches avoid hazardous cyanogen halides, improving both safety and atom economy. Some laboratories use ionic liquids or metal-organic frameworks, such as Zr-MOFs with guanidinium groups, to enhance CO fixation and carbonate formation.

Common raw materials include:

1.Cyanamide

2.Carbon dioxide

3.Ammonia

4.Trichloroacetonitrile (CClCN)

5.Secondary amines

6.Copper cyanide (CuCN)

7.TMEDA

8.Sodium bicarbonate

Raw material costs remain low, which helps keep the overall synthesis cost down. However, some steps require careful addition of reagents, sometimes dropwise over an hour. Using a cylinder for continuous dripping can make the process easier and safer.

Reaction Temperatures and Yields

Temperature control plays a key role in maximizing yield and purity. The optimal temperature range for aminoguanidine bicarbonate synthesis is 75 to 95 degrees C. Operators maintain this temperature for one to four hours, usually with an acidic pH between 5 and 6. This approach produces high yields, often around 92.4%. Lower temperatures, such as 50 degrees C, lead to longer reaction times and lower yields. Higher temperatures under reflux conditions favor better selectivity and fewer byproducts.

Reaction Temperature
Catalyst Amount
Solvent System
Yield (%)
Reaction Time
Notes on Selectivity/Byproducts

Reflux (EtOH/HO 1:1)
0.05 g
Ethanol/Water (1:1)
92
2 hours
High yield, minimal byproducts

50 degrees C
0.05 g
Ethanol/Water (1:1)
87
>2 hours
Lower yield, more byproducts

Reflux
0.07 g
Ethanol/Water (1:1)
92
2 hours
No improvement, selectivity unchanged

Reflux
0.015 g
Ethanol/Water (1:1)
85
N/A
Slightly decreased yield

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Purity and Scalability Considerations

High purity is essential for industrial applications. Modern methods achieve purity levels above 90%, often reaching 98%. Using green chemistry and advanced catalysts helps minimize impurities and unwanted byproducts. The scalability of these processes depends on careful thermal management, especially during exothermic reactions. Operators must also manage raw material price changes, especially for ammonium salts and cyanamide derivatives. Automated reagent addition and improved reactor design support larger-scale production while maintaining product quality.

Traditional vs. Modern Aminoguanidine Bicarbonate Synthesis

Efficiency and Cost Comparison

Traditional synthesis methods for aminoguanidine bicarbonate often require multiple steps and longer reaction times. These older processes use less efficient reagents and produce more waste. Operators must handle complex purification steps, which increases both time and cost. Modern synthesis methods use improved catalysts and optimized reaction conditions. These advances help manufacturers achieve higher yields in less time. They also reduce the need for expensive purification. As a result, production costs decrease, and the process becomes more attractive for large-scale manufacturing.

Tip: Companies that switch to modern methods can save on raw materials and energy costs, making their operations more competitive.

Environmental and Safety Aspects

Older synthesis routes often involve hazardous chemicals and generate more toxic byproducts. Workers face higher risks from exposure to dangerous reagents and waste. Modern methods focus on green chemistry. They use safer raw materials and produce fewer harmful emissions. Improved reactor designs and better waste management systems further reduce environmental impact. Safety protocols now include advanced ventilation, personal protective equipment, and automated reagent handling. These changes protect both workers and the environment.

Product Quality and Consistency

Manufacturers use several analytical techniques to check the quality of aminoguanidine bicarbonate. These methods confirm the chemical structure and purity of the product:

FTIR spectroscopy identifies NH amine salt stretch and C=N bonds.

UV spectroscopy records absorption spectra in different solutions.

Mass spectrometry confirms molecular weight and fragmentation patterns.

13C-NMR spectroscopy detects chemical bonds that support molecular structure.

Despite differences in synthesis methods, the product specifications for aminoguanidine bicarbonate remain consistent. The molecular weight, formula, and other key data match across various production routes. Industrial producers maintain this consistency by using controlled reaction conditions and purified reagents. Authoritative sources, such as PubChem and regulatory agencies, report the same specifications, which helps ensure reliable quality for end users.

Industrial Applications of Aminoguanidine Bicarbonate

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Pharmaceutical Intermediates

Pharmaceutical companies rely on this compound for its high purity and effectiveness. It accounts for about 65% of total demand, making it a vital ingredient in drug development and research. The compound acts as a nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor, which supports the creation of advanced medical therapies. Researchers use it to develop treatments that target nitric oxide pathways, leading to new drug delivery systems and targeted therapies. The pharmaceutical sector drives market growth, with the total market expected to reach around USD 180 million by 2033. Its ability to inhibit advanced glycation end-products also makes it important for treating diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. As pharmaceutical research expands, the need for this intermediate continues to rise.

Pesticides, Dyes, and Chemical Manufacturing

This compound plays a key role in several industrial sectors. Manufacturers use it to produce pesticides, dyes, and other chemicals. Its solubility and chemical properties make it valuable for creating medicines, photographic chemicals, and synthetic foaming agents. The following table highlights its diverse applications:

Application Area
Role/Use Description

Dye Industry
Raw material for cationic dyes; improves color stability and dyeing effects

Pesticide Industry
Intermediate for efficient, low-toxicity insecticides and fungicides

Pharmaceutical Synthesis
Used in making various pharmaceutical compounds

Resin Stabilization
Acts as a resin stabilizer

Photographic Chemicals
Used in photographic chemical formulations

Metal Ion Separation
Applied in wastewater treatment for metal ion separation

Additional Roles
Antioxidant, pH regulator, surfactant additive, and more

Major manufacturers in China supply this compound for global chemical production, supporting industries from agriculture to electronics.

Emerging Uses in Material Science

Material science researchers explore new ways to use this compound. It forms salts with carboxylic acids and minerals, showing unique crystal structures and thermal behaviors. Scientists have created aminoguanidine nickel complexes that serve as precursors for high-purity nickel oxide nanoparticles. These nanoparticles have potential in electronics and catalysis. The compound also helps design luminescent materials and antioxidants, as seen in new thorium complexes with enhanced optical properties. Recent advancements improve its stability and compatibility, expanding its use in advanced materials. Ongoing research and industry partnerships continue to unlock new applications, making it a promising choice for future innovations.

Modern synthesis methods deliver higher yields, improved purity, and safer processes. Industry experts see growing demand in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and new fields like textiles and electronics.

Asia-Pacific leads production, while Europe and North America show rising interest.

Companies focus on eco-friendly technologies and new formulations.

Manufacturers benefit from sustainable routes and lower energy costs. Researchers gain new tools for studying CO capture and sustainable chemistry. These advances support innovation and global market growth.

FAQ

What safety measures do manufacturers use during aminoguanidine bicarbonate synthesis?

Manufacturers use gloves, goggles, and proper ventilation. They store chemicals in closed containers. Workers avoid ignition sources and follow strict protocols. Facilities use automated systems to reduce human exposure.

How do modern synthesis methods improve product purity?

Modern methods use advanced catalysts and controlled temperatures. These steps reduce unwanted byproducts. Chemists select high-quality raw materials. The result is a product with purity levels above 90%.

Can aminoguanidine bicarbonate be used in eco-friendly applications?

Yes. Researchers use it in green chemistry projects. It helps capture carbon dioxide and supports sustainable chemical processes. Many industries choose it for its low environmental impact.

What industries benefit most from aminoguanidine bicarbonate?

Pharmaceutical, agricultural, and chemical industries use this compound. It serves as a key intermediate in drug development, pesticides, and dyes. Material science researchers also explore new uses.

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