Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMO) market is projected to reach USD 191.6 million by 2035 as Increased awareness of HMO benefits in mimicking human breast milk

The global Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMO) market is poised for significant expansion, with a projected increase from USD 101.1 million in 2025 to USD 191.6 million by 2035, demonstrating a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 6.6%. This growth is fueled by escalating global awareness of HMO benefits, advancements in synthetic biology, and their increasing incorporation into infant formula, functional foods, and dietary supplements.

Driving Forces Behind Market Expansion
The HMO market is experiencing strong momentum, driven by several key factors. Rising investments in prebiotic research and clinical validation of HMOs are crucial. Regulatory support for their safe inclusion in pediatric formulations further accelerates adoption. Manufacturers are actively scaling up production of well-studied and globally approved HMOs like 2'-FL, 3-FL, and LNnT.

Demand is particularly robust in Asia-Pacific, including India and China, due to rising birth rates and increased spending on premium infant nutrition. Concurrently, established players in North America and Europe are strategically investing in biotechnology collaborations and production capacity to ensure consistent supply and cost-efficiency.

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Market Segmentation Highlights
The infant formula segment is expected to remain the dominant application, projected to hold a 60% market share in 2025. This is due to the increasing inclusion of HMOs to closely mimic the benefits of breast milk. In the broader functional food & beverage ingredients market, HMOs are gaining traction with a 3-5% share, driven by their emerging use in gut-health-focused products. The nutraceutical ingredients market sees HMOs accounting for 2-3% in supplements targeting immunity and digestion, while in the prebiotic ingredients market, they represent approximately 10-15%.

Among product segments, Fucosylated HMOs are set to lead with a 35% market share in 2025. This is attributed to their vital role in enhancing immunity and gut health, alongside accelerating regulatory clearances across key regions.

Innovative Production and Regulatory Progress
A significant breakthrough in sustainable HMO manufacturing was highlighted in June 2024 by AZoLifeSciences. Researchers demonstrated that genetically engineered plants, such as Nicotiana benthamiana, can efficiently synthesize various HMO forms. This plant-based platform offers a biologically and economically viable option for production.

Regulatory standardization and recognition are also advancing. While disparities exist in Asia-Pacific and Latin America, Europe and North America have already approved several HMOs for infant nutrition. Leading companies like Nestlé, BASF, and FrieslandCampina are actively collaborating with food safety authorities globally to expand their HMO-accessorized portfolios. The increasing granting of GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) status across multiple nations further boosts market growth.

Strategic Investments and Regional Insights
The HMO market is attracting substantial investments across infant formula, adult nutrition, and functional foods. The demand for immune-boosting and gut health-promoting ingredients is a key driver.

Fucosylated HMOs: These are expected to secure a 35% share in 2025, driven by their role in immunity and gut health. Suppliers are leveraging precision fermentation to achieve commercial-scale yields of 2ʹ-Fucosyllactose and related trisaccharides.

Infant Formula Dominance: Infant formula is projected to hold a 60% market share by 2025, driven by the increasing demand for advanced breast milk alternatives. Dual-HMO blends are increasingly incorporated to support immune health, gut function, and brain development.

Geographically, the market exhibits varied growth patterns and strategic approaches:

United States: Focus is shifting towards HMO-infused functional beverages beyond infant formula, with companies like Abbott and Nestlé Health Science incorporating HMOs into ready-to-drink (RTD) gut-health and immune-boosting beverages. The CAGR for the U.S. is projected at 4.8% through 2035.

China: A robust CAGR of 6.8% is anticipated through 2035, driven by infant formula companies customizing HMO compositions based on regional dietary preferences and infant gut microbiomes. Regulatory approvals for diverse HMOs are accelerating localization efforts.

Germany: The market is expanding into medical nutrition, with key manufacturers introducing therapeutic HMO formulations for metabolic disorders, inflammatory diseases, and gut microbiome restoration. Germany is projected for a CAGR of 3.5% through 2035.

Competitive Landscape and Recent Developments
The HMO market is characterized by a mix of large international enterprises and specialized biotech firms. Top players include Chr. Hansen (Jennewein Biotechnologie), BASF, FrieslandCampina Ingredients, Abbott Nutrition, and dsm-firmenich (Glycom). These companies are leveraging proprietary fermentation technology and extensive distribution networks.

Recent industry developments underscore this dynamism:

In March 2024, DSM-Firmenich AG secured regulatory approval in the USA and Australia for its GlyCare 3-FL ingredient, expanding its use in functional foods and dietary supplements.

In November 2024, Nestlé Health Science launched an HMO-enriched early-life nutrition milk under the Wyeth Illume brand in mainland China, reinforcing its commitment to infant formula innovation in Asia-Pacific.

The diversification of HMO blends beyond 2'-FL, with increased focus on Lacto-N-Tetraose (LNT), Lacto-N-Neotetraose (LNnT), 3'-Sialyllactose (3'-SL), and 6'-Sialyllactose (6'-SL), further highlights the industry's commitment to mimicking the complexity of breast milk for enhanced health benefits. This strategic diversification, coupled with advancements in cost-efficient fermentation-based production, is paving the way for HMOs to become a standardized and more accessible ingredient across the global nutritional supply chain.

About Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs)
Human Milk Oligosaccharides are complex carbohydrates naturally found in human breast milk. They are the third most abundant solid component of breast milk, playing a crucial role in supporting infant gut health, immune system development, and potentially cognitive development. Their prebiotic properties contribute to a healthy gut microbiome by selectively nourishing beneficial bacteria and helping to protect against pathogens.

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