ASTM vs. ANSI vs. ASME vs. API: Decoding the Titans of Industrial Standards

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ASTM: American Society for Testing and Materials ANSIAMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE ASME: American Society of Mechanical Engineers API: American Petroleum Institute

Introduction

ASTM: American Society for testing and materials (ASTM) was formerly the International Association for testing materials (IATM). In the 1980s, in order to solve the opinions and differences between the purchaser and the supplier in the process of purchasing and selling industrial materials, some people proposed to establish a technical committee system, and the technical committee organized representatives from all aspects to participate in the Technical Symposium to discuss and solve the dispute issues concerning material specifications and test procedures. The first IATM meeting was held in Europe in 1882, at which a working committee was formed.

ANSI: American National Standards Institute (ANSI) was founded in 1918. At that time, many enterprises and professional and technical groups in the United States began standardization work, but there were many contradictions and problems because of the lack of coordination between them. In order to further improve efficiency, hundreds of science and technology societies, association organizations and groups all believe that it is necessary to establish a specialized standardization organization and to formulate a unified common standard.

ASME: American Society of mechanical engineers was founded in 1880. Now it has become an international nonprofit education and technology organization with more than 125000 members worldwide. As the interdisciplinary cross-disciplinary in engineering field is increasing, ASME publication also provides information on interdisciplinary frontier technology. The subjects covered include: basic engineering, manufacturing, system design and so on.

API: It is the abbreviation of the American Petroleum Institute. API was founded in 1919, is the first national business association in the United States, and one of the earliest and most successful standards setting chambers in the world.

Responsibilities

ASTM is mainly engaged in the formulation of the characteristics and performance standards of materials, products, systems and services, and disseminates relevant knowledge. ASTM standards are developed by the technical committee and drafted by the standards working group. Although ASTM standards are standards formulated by unofficial academic groups, ASTM standards are divided into 15 categories, volume published, and the classification and volume of standards are as follows:

Classification:

(1) Steel products

(2) Non ferrous metals

(3) Test method and analysis procedure of metal materials

(4) Construction materials

(5) Petroleum products, lubricants and fossil fuels

(6) Paints, related coatings and aromatic compounds

(7) Textiles and materials

(8) Plastic

(9) Rubber

(10) Electrical insulators and electronics

(11) Water and environmental technology

(12) Nuclear energy, solar energy

(13) Medical equipment and services

(14) Instruments and general test methods

(15) General industrial products, special chemicals and consumables

ANSI: the National Standards Institute of the United States is a non-profit non-profit non-profit standardization group. But it has become the National Standardization Center in fact; all the standardization activities are around it. Through it, the relevant government system and civil system cooperate with each other, and play a bridge role between the federal government and the folk standardization system. It coordinates and guides national standardization activities, helps standards formulation, research and use units, and provides domestic and international standardization information. It also plays the role of the administrative organ.

The National Standards Institute of the United States rarely sets standards in itself. The following three ways are adopted for the preparation of its ANSI standard:

1. The relevant units shall be responsible for drafting, inviting experts or professional groups to vote, and submitting the results to the standards review meeting established by ANSI for review and approval. This method is called the poll method.

2. Representatives of the Committee organized by the technical committee of ANSI and other institutions shall prepare the draft standards, and all members shall vote, and finally be reviewed and approved by the standards review committee. This method is called the Commission law.

3. According to the standards formulated by professional societies and associations, those who are mature and of great significance to the whole country will be upgraded to national standards (ANSI) after being reviewed by the technical committees of ANSI, and shall be labeled with ANSI standard code and classification number, but the original professional standard code shall be kept at the same time.

The standards of the National Standards Institute of America are mostly from professional standards. On the other hand, professional societies and associations can also formulate certain product standards according to the existing national standards. Of course, we can also set our own Association standards without complying with national standards. The standards of ANSI are voluntary. The United States believes that mandatory standards may limit productivity gains. However, the standards quoted by law and formulated by government departments are generally mandatory standards.

ASME: mainly engaged in the development of science and technology in mechanical engineering and related fields, encouraging basic research, promoting academic exchanges, developing cooperation with other engineering and associations, carrying out standardization activities and formulating mechanical codes and standards. Since its inception, ASME has led the development of mechanical standards, and has developed more than 600 standards from the initial thread standards to now. In 1911, the boiler machinery directive committee was established, and the mechanical directive was issued from 1914 to 1915, which was combined with the laws of various states and Canada. ASME has become a worldwide engineering organization in the fields of technology, education and investigation.

API: is an approved standard setting agency of ANSI. Its standard formulation follows the coordination and formulation procedure standards of ANSI, API also jointly formulated and published standards with ASTM. API standards are widely used by enterprises in China and are adopted by federal and state laws and regulations of the United States, as well as the Department of transportation, the Ministry of defense, occupational safety and health administration, the United States Customs, environmental protection agency, the United States Geological Survey Bureau They are quoted by government agencies, and are also cited by ISO, international legal metrology organization and more than 100 national standards worldwide.

API: the standard is widely used by enterprises in China and cited by federal and state laws and regulations of the United States, as well as government agencies such as the Ministry of transport, the Ministry of defense, the occupational safety and health administration, the United States Customs, environmental protection agency, the United States Geological Survey Bureau, etc., but also cited by ISO, the international legal metrology organization and more than 100 national standards in the world.

Differences and connections

These four standards are complementary and can be used for reference. For example, ASME standards in material are from ASTM, and API is used for valve standards, while for pipe fittings, they are from ANSI. The difference is that the industry focuses on different, so the standards adopted are different. API, ASTM, ASME are all members of ANSI.

The standards of the National Standards Institute of America are mostly from professional standards. On the other hand, professional societies and associations can also formulate certain product standards according to the existing national standards. Of course, we can also set our own Association standards without complying with national standards.

ASME does not do specific work, and the experiment and formulation work is almost completed by ANSI and ASTM. ASME only recognizes the codes for their own use, so it is often seen that the repeated standard number is the same content.

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