1,4-Butanediol market: Drivers, Threats, and Opportunities between 2022-2028 | BASF, Dairen Chemical, Lyondellbasell

"

The global 1,4-Butanediol Market is carefully researched in the report while largely concentrating on top players and their business tactics, geographical expansion, market segments, competitive landscape, manufacturing, and pricing and cost structures. Each section of the research study is specially prepared to explore key aspects of the global 1,4-Butanediol Market. For instance, the market dynamics section digs deep into the drivers, restraints, trends, and opportunities of the global 1,4-Butanediol Market. With qualitative and quantitative analysis, we help you with thorough and comprehensive research on the global 1,4-Butanediol Market. We have also focused on SWOT, PESTLE, and Porter's Five Forces analyses of the global 1,4-Butanediol Market.

Leading players of the global 1,4-Butanediol Market are analyzed taking into account their market share, recent developments, new product launches, partnerships, mergers or acquisitions, and markets served. We also provide an exhaustive analysis of their product portfolios to explore the products and applications they concentrate on when operating in the global 1,4-Butanediol Market. Furthermore, the report offers two separate market forecasts - one for the production side and another for the consumption side of the global 1,4-Butanediol Market. It also provides useful recommendations for new as well as established players of the global 1,4-Butanediol Market.

Final 1,4-Butanediol Report will add the analysis of the impact of COVID-19 on this Market.

1,4-Butanediol Market competition by top manufacturers/Key players Profiled:
BASF
Dairen Chemical
Lyondellbasell
Ashland
Nanya Plastics Corporation
Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation
INVISTA
MarkorChem
Xinjiang Tianye
Changcheng Energy
Shanxi Sanwei Group
Shanxi BidiOu
Sichuan Tianhua
Henan Kaixiang Fine Chemical
HNEC
TunHe

Request to Download PDF Sample Copy of Report: https://www.qyresearch.com/sample-form/form/5013273/Global-14-Butanediol-Industry-Research-Report-Growth-Trends-and-Competitive-Analysis-2022-2028

Competitive Analysis:

Global 1,4-Butanediol Market is highly fragmented and the major players have used various strategies such as new product launches, expansions, agreements, joint ventures, partnerships, acquisitions, and others to increase their footprints in this market. The report includes market shares of 1,4-Butanediol Market for Global, Europe, North America, Asia-Pacific, South America and Middle East & Africa.

Scope of the Report:
The all-encompassing research weighs up on various aspects including but not limited to important industry definition, product applications, and product types. The pro-active approach towards analysis of investment feasibility, significant return on investment, supply chain management, import and export status, consumption volume and end-use offers more value to the overall statistics on the 1,4-Butanediol Market. All factors that help business owners identify the next leg for growth are presented through self-explanatory resources such as charts, tables, and graphic images.

The report offers in-depth assessment of the growth and other aspects of the 1,4-Butanediol market in important countries (regions), including:

North America(United States, Canada and Mexico)
Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia and Italy)
Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India, Southeast Asia and Australia)
South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia)
Middle East and Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, Nigeria and South Africa)

Our industry professionals are working reluctantly to understand, assemble and timely deliver assessment on impact of COVID-19 disaster on many corporations and their clients to help them in taking excellent business decisions. We acknowledge everyone who is doing their part in this financial and healthcare crisis.

Share Your Questions Here For More Details On this Report or Customization's As Per Your Need: https://www.qyresearch.com/customize-request/form/5013273/Global-14-Butanediol-Industry-Research-Report-Growth-Trends-and-Competitive-Analysis-2022-2028

Table of Contents

Report Overview: It includes major players of the global 1,4-Butanediol Market covered in the research study, research scope, and Market segments by type, market segments by application, years considered for the research study, and objectives of the report.

Global Growth Trends: This section focuses on industry trends where market drivers and top market trends are shed light upon. It also provides growth rates of key producers operating in the global 1,4-Butanediol Market. Furthermore, it offers production and capacity analysis where marketing pricing trends, capacity, production, and production value of the global 1,4-Butanediol Market are discussed.

Market Share by Manufacturers: Here, the report provides details about revenue by manufacturers, production and capacity by manufacturers, price by manufacturers, expansion plans, mergers and acquisitions, and products, market entry dates, distribution, and market areas of key manufacturers.

Market Size by Type: This section concentrates on product type segments where production value market share, price, and production market share by product type are discussed.

Market Size by Application: Besides an overview of the global 1,4-Butanediol Market by application, it gives a study on the consumption in the global 1,4-Butanediol Market by application.

Production by Region: Here, the production value growth rate, production growth rate, import and export, and key players of each regional market are provided.

Consumption by Region: This section provides information on the consumption in each regional market studied in the report. The consumption is discussed on the basis of country, application, and product type.

Company Profiles: Almost all leading players of the global 1,4-Butanediol Market are profiled in this section. The analysts have provided information about their recent developments in the global 1,4-Butanediol Market, products, revenue, production, business, and company.

Market Forecast by Production: The production and production value forecasts included in this section are for the global 1,4-Butanediol Market as well as for key regional markets.

Market Forecast by Consumption: The consumption and consumption value forecasts included in this section are for the global 1,4-Butanediol Market as well as for key regional markets.

Value Chain and Sales Analysis: It deeply analyzes customers, distributors, sales channels, and value chain of the global 1,4-Butanediol Market.

Key Findings: This section gives a quick look at important findings of the research study.

About Us:

QY Research established in 2007, focus on custom research, management consulting, IPO consulting, industry chain research, data base and seminar services. The company owned a large basic data base (such as National Bureau of statistics database, Customs import and export database, Industry Association Database etc), expert's resources (included energy automotive chemical medical ICT consumer goods etc.

Table of Contents:

1 Report Overview
1.1 1,4-Butanediol Research Scope
1.2 Market Segment by Type
1.2.1 Global 1,4-Butanediol Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
1.2.2 Reppe process
1.2.3 Davy process
1.2.4 Butadiene process
1.2.5 Propylene oxide process
1.3 Market Segment by Application
1.3.1 Global 1,4-Butanediol Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
1.3.2 Tetrahydrofuran (THF)
1.3.3 Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT)
1.3.4 Gamma-Butyrolactone (GBL)
1.3.5 Polyurethanes (PU)
1.3.6 Others
1.4 Study Objectives
1.5 Years Considered
2 Global Market Production
2.1 Global 1,4-Butanediol Production Capacity (2017-2028)
2.2 Global 1,4-Butanediol Production by Region: 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
2.3 Global 1,4-Butanediol Production by Region
2.3.1 Global 1,4-Butanediol Historic Production by Region (2017-2022)
2.3.2 Global 1,4-Butanediol Forecasted Production by Region (2023-2028)
2.3.3 North America
2.3.4 Europe
2.3.5 Japan
2.3.6 China
2.3.7 South Korea
2.3.8 India
2.4 Market Dynamics
2.4.1 1,4-Butanediol Industry Trends
2.4.2 1,4-Butanediol Market Drivers
2.4.3 1,4-Butanediol Market Challenges
2.4.4 1,4-Butanediol Market Restraints
3 Global 1,4-Butanediol Sales
3.1 Global 1,4-Butanediol Sales Estimates and Forecasts 2017-2028
3.2 Global 1,4-Butanediol Revenue Estimates and Forecasts 2017-2028
3.3 Global 1,4-Butanediol Revenue by Region: 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
3.4 Global Top 1,4-Butanediol Regions by Sales
3.4.1 Global Top 1,4-Butanediol Regions by Sales (2017-2022)
3.4.2 Global Top 1,4-Butanediol Regions by Sales (2023-2028)
3.5 Global Top 1,4-Butanediol Regions by Revenue
3.5.1 Global Top 1,4-Butanediol Regions by Revenue (2017-2022)
3.5.2 Global Top 1,4-Butanediol Regions by Revenue (2023-2028)
3.5.3 North America
3.5.4 Europe
3.5.5 Asia-Pacific
3.5.6 Latin America
3.5.7 Middle East & Africa
4 Competition by Manufacturers
4.1 Global 1,4-Butanediol Production Capacity by Manufacturers
4.2 Global 1,4-Butanediol Sales by Manufacturers
4.2.1 Global Top 1,4-Butanediol Manufacturers by Sales (2017-2022)
4.2.2 Global Top 1,4-Butanediol Manufacturers Market Share by Sales (2017-2022)
4.2.3 Global Top 10 and Top 5 Companies by 1,4-Butanediol Sales in 2021
4.3 Global 1,4-Butanediol Revenue by Manufacturers
4.3.1 Global Top 1,4-Butanediol Manufacturers by Revenue (2017-2022)
4.3.2 Global Top 1,4-Butanediol Manufacturers Market Share by Revenue (2017-2022)
4.3.3 Global Top 10 and Top 5 Companies by 1,4-Butanediol Revenue in 2021
4.4 Global 1,4-Butanediol Sales Price by Manufacturers
4.5 Analysis of Competitive Landscape
4.5.1 Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
4.5.2 Global 1,4-Butanediol Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3)
4.5.3 Global 1,4-Butanediol Manufacturers Geographical Distribution
4.6 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
5 Estimates and Forecasts by Type
5.1 Global 1,4-Butanediol Sales by Type
5.1.1 Global 1,4-Butanediol Historical Sales by Type (2017-2022)
5.1.2 Global 1,4-Butanediol Forecasted Sales by Type (2023-2028)
5.1.3 Global 1,4-Butanediol Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
5.2 Global 1,4-Butanediol Revenue by Type
5.2.1 Global 1,4-Butanediol Historical Revenue by Type (2017-2022)
5.2.2 Global 1,4-Butanediol Forecasted Revenue by Type (2023-2028)
5.2.3 Global 1,4-Butanediol Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
5.3 Global 1,4-Butanediol Price by Type
5.3.1 Global 1,4-Butanediol Price by Type (2017-2022)
5.3.2 Global 1,4-Butanediol Price Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
6 Market Size by Application
6.1 Global 1,4-Butanediol Sales by Application
6.1.1 Global 1,4-Butanediol Historical Sales by Application (2017-2022)
6.1.2 Global 1,4-Butanediol Forecasted Sales by Application (2023-2028)
6.1.3 Global 1,4-Butanediol Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
6.2 Global 1,4-Butanediol Revenue by Application
6.2.1 Global 1,4-Butanediol Historical Revenue by Application (2017-2022)
6.2.2 Global 1,4-Butanediol Forecasted Revenue by Application (2023-2028)
6.2.3 Global 1,4-Butanediol Revenue Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
6.3 Global 1,4-Butanediol Price by Application
6.3.1 Global 1,4-Butanediol Price by Application (2017-2022)
6.3.2 Global 1,4-Butanediol Price Forecast by Application (2023-2028)
7 North America
7.1 North America 1,4-Butanediol Sales Breakdown by Company
7.1.1 North America 1,4-Butanediol Sales by Company (2017-2022)
7.1.2 North America 1,4-Butanediol Revenue by Company (2017-2022)
7.2 North America 1,4-Butanediol Market Size by Type
7.2.1 North America 1,4-Butanediol Sales by Type (2017-2028)
7.2.2 North America 1,4-Butanediol Revenue by Type (2017-2028)
7.3 North America 1,4-Butanediol Market Size by Application
7.3.1 North America 1,4-Butanediol Sales by Application (2017-2028)
7.3.2 North America 1,4-Butanediol Revenue by Application (2017-2028)
7.4 North America 1,4-Butanediol Market Size by Country
7.4.1 North America 1,4-Butanediol Sales by Country (2017-2028)
7.4.2 North America 1,4-Butanediol Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
7.4.3 U.S.
7.4.4 Canada
8 Europe
8.1 Europe 1,4-Butanediol Sales Breakdown by Company
8.1.1 Europe 1,4-Butanediol Sales by Company (2017-2022)
8.1.2 Europe 1,4-Butanediol Revenue by Company (2017-2022)
8.2 Europe 1,4-Butanediol Market Size by Type
8.2.1 Europe 1,4-Butanediol Sales by Type (2017-2028)
8.2.2 Europe 1,4-Butanediol Revenue by Type (2017-2028)
8.3 Europe 1,4-Butanediol Market Size by Application
8.3.1 Europe 1,4-Butanediol Sales by Application (2017-2028)
8.3.2 Europe 1,4-Butanediol Revenue by Application (2017-2028)
8.4 Europe 1,4-Butanediol Market Size by Country
8.4.1 Europe 1,4-Butanediol Sales by Country (2017-2028)
8.4.2 Europe 1,4-Butanediol Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
8.4.3 Germany
8.4.4 France
8.4.5 U.K.
8.4.6 Italy
8.4.7 Russia
9 Asia Pacific
9.1 Asia Pacific 1,4-Butanediol Sales Breakdown by Company
9.1.1 Asia Pacific 1,4-Butanediol Sales by Company (2017-2022)
9.1.2 Asia Pacific 1,4-Butanediol Revenue by Company (2017-2022)
9.2 Asia Pacific 1,4-Butanediol Market Size by Type
9.2.1 Asia Pacific 1,4-Butanediol Sales by Type (2017-2028)
9.2.2 Asia Pacific 1,4-Butanediol Revenue by Type (2017-2028)
9.3 Asia Pacific 1,4-Butanediol Market Size by Application
9.3.1 Asia Pacific 1,4-Butanediol Sales by Application (2017-2028)
9.3.2 Asia Pacific 1,4-Butanediol Revenue by Application (2017-2028)
9.4 Asia Pacific 1,4-Butanediol Market Size by Region
9.4.1 Asia Pacific 1,4-Butanediol Sales by Region (2017-2028)
9.4.2 Asia Pacific 1,4-Butanediol Revenue by Region (2017-2028)
9.4.3 China
9.4.4 Japan
9.4.5 South Korea
9.4.6 India
9.4.7 Australia
9.4.8 Taiwan
9.4.9 Indonesia
9.4.10 Thailand
9.4.11 Malaysia
9.4.12 Philippines
10 Latin America
10.1 Latin America 1,4-Butanediol Sales Breakdown by Company
10.1.1 Latin America 1,4-Butanediol Sales by Company (2017-2022)
10.1.2 Latin America 1,4-Butanediol Revenue by Company (2017-2022)
10.2 Latin America 1,4-Butanediol Market Size by Type
10.2.1 Latin America 1,4-Butanediol Sales by Type (2017-2028)
10.2.2 Latin America 1,4-Butanediol Revenue by Type (2017-2028)
10.3 Latin America 1,4-Butanediol Market Size by Application
10.3.1 Latin America 1,4-Butanediol Sales by Application (2017-2028)
10.3.2 Latin America 1,4-Butanediol Revenue by Application (2017-2028)
10.4 Latin America 1,4-Butanediol Market Size by Country
10.4.1 Latin America 1,4-Butanediol Sales by Country (2017-2028)
10.4.2 Latin America 1,4-Butanediol Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
10.4.3 Mexico
10.4.4 Brazil
10.4.5 Argentina
11 Middle East and Africa
11.1 Middle East and Africa 1,4-Butanediol Sales Breakdown by Company
11.1.1 Middle East and Africa 1,4-Butanediol Sales by Company (2017-2022)
11.1.2 Middle East and Africa 1,4-Butanediol Revenue by Company (2017-2022)
11.2 Middle East and Africa 1,4-Butanediol Market Size by Type
11.2.1 Middle East and Africa 1,4-Butanediol Sales by Type (2017-2028)
11.2.2 Middle East and Africa 1,4-Butanediol Revenue by Type (2017-2028)
11.3 Middle East and Africa 1,4-Butanediol Market Size by Application
11.3.1 Middle East and Africa 1,4-Butanediol Sales by Application (2017-2028)
11.3.2 Middle East and Africa 1,4-Butanediol Revenue by Application (2017-2028)
11.4 Middle East and Africa 1,4-Butanediol Market Size by Country
11.4.1 Middle East and Africa 1,4-Butanediol Sales by Country (2017-2028)
11.4.2 Middle East and Africa 1,4-Butanediol Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
11.4.3 Turkey
11.4.4 Saudi Arabia
11.4.5 U.A.E
12 Company Profiles
12.1 BASF
12.1.1 BASF Corporation Information
12.1.2 BASF Overview
12.1.3 BASF 1,4-Butanediol Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.1.4 BASF 1,4-Butanediol Products and Services
12.1.5 BASF 1,4-Butanediol SWOT Analysis
12.1.6 BASF Recent Developments
12.2 Dairen Chemical
12.2.1 Dairen Chemical Corporation Information
12.2.2 Dairen Chemical Overview
12.2.3 Dairen Chemical 1,4-Butanediol Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.2.4 Dairen Chemical 1,4-Butanediol Products and Services
12.2.5 Dairen Chemical 1,4-Butanediol SWOT Analysis
12.2.6 Dairen Chemical Recent Developments
12.3 Lyondellbasell
12.3.1 Lyondellbasell Corporation Information
12.3.2 Lyondellbasell Overview
12.3.3 Lyondellbasell 1,4-Butanediol Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.3.4 Lyondellbasell 1,4-Butanediol Products and Services
12.3.5 Lyondellbasell 1,4-Butanediol SWOT Analysis
12.3.6 Lyondellbasell Recent Developments
12.4 Ashland
12.4.1 Ashland Corporation Information
12.4.2 Ashland Overview
12.4.3 Ashland 1,4-Butanediol Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.4.4 Ashland 1,4-Butanediol Products and Services
12.4.5 Ashland 1,4-Butanediol SWOT Analysis
12.4.6 Ashland Recent Developments
12.5 Nanya Plastics Corporation
12.5.1 Nanya Plastics Corporation Corporation Information
12.5.2 Nanya Plastics Corporation Overview
12.5.3 Nanya Plastics Corporation 1,4-Butanediol Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.5.4 Nanya Plastics Corporation 1,4-Butanediol Products and Services
12.5.5 Nanya Plastics Corporation 1,4-Butanediol SWOT Analysis
12.5.6 Nanya Plastics Corporation Recent Developments
12.6 Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation
12.6.1 Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation Corporation Information
12.6.2 Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation Overview
12.6.3 Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation 1,4-Butanediol Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.6.4 Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation 1,4-Butanediol Products and Services
12.6.5 Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation 1,4-Butanediol SWOT Analysis
12.6.6 Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation Recent Developments
12.7 INVISTA
12.7.1 INVISTA Corporation Information
12.7.2 INVISTA Overview
12.7.3 INVISTA 1,4-Butanediol Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.7.4 INVISTA 1,4-Butanediol Products and Services
12.7.5 INVISTA 1,4-Butanediol SWOT Analysis
12.7.6 INVISTA Recent Developments
12.8 MarkorChem
12.8.1 MarkorChem Corporation Information
12.8.2 MarkorChem Overview
12.8.3 MarkorChem 1,4-Butanediol Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.8.4 MarkorChem 1,4-Butanediol Products and Services
12.8.5 MarkorChem 1,4-Butanediol SWOT Analysis
12.8.6 MarkorChem Recent Developments
12.9 Xinjiang Tianye
12.9.1 Xinjiang Tianye Corporation Information
12.9.2 Xinjiang Tianye Overview
12.9.3 Xinjiang Tianye 1,4-Butanediol Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.9.4 Xinjiang Tianye 1,4-Butanediol Products and Services
12.9.5 Xinjiang Tianye 1,4-Butanediol SWOT Analysis
12.9.6 Xinjiang Tianye Recent Developments
12.10 Changcheng Energy
12.10.1 Changcheng Energy Corporation Information
12.10.2 Changcheng Energy Overview
12.10.3 Changcheng Energy 1,4-Butanediol Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.10.4 Changcheng Energy 1,4-Butanediol Products and Services
12.10.5 Changcheng Energy 1,4-Butanediol SWOT Analysis
12.10.6 Changcheng Energy Recent Developments
12.11 Shanxi Sanwei Group
12.11.1 Shanxi Sanwei Group Corporation Information
12.11.2 Shanxi Sanwei Group Overview
12.11.3 Shanxi Sanwei Group 1,4-Butanediol Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.11.4 Shanxi Sanwei Group 1,4-Butanediol Products and Services
12.11.5 Shanxi Sanwei Group Recent Developments
12.12 Shanxi BidiOu
12.12.1 Shanxi BidiOu Corporation Information
12.12.2 Shanxi BidiOu Overview
12.12.3 Shanxi BidiOu 1,4-Butanediol Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.12.4 Shanxi BidiOu 1,4-Butanediol Products and Services
12.12.5 Shanxi BidiOu Recent Developments
12.13 Sichuan Tianhua
12.13.1 Sichuan Tianhua Corporation Information
12.13.2 Sichuan Tianhua Overview
12.13.3 Sichuan Tianhua 1,4-Butanediol Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.13.4 Sichuan Tianhua 1,4-Butanediol Products and Services
12.13.5 Sichuan Tianhua Recent Developments
12.14 Henan Kaixiang Fine Chemical
12.14.1 Henan Kaixiang Fine Chemical Corporation Information
12.14.2 Henan Kaixiang Fine Chemical Overview
12.14.3 Henan Kaixiang Fine Chemical 1,4-Butanediol Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.14.4 Henan Kaixiang Fine Chemical 1,4-Butanediol Products and Services
12.14.5 Henan Kaixiang Fine Chemical Recent Developments
12.15 HNEC
12.15.1 HNEC Corporation Information
12.15.2 HNEC Overview
12.15.3 HNEC 1,4-Butanediol Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.15.4 HNEC 1,4-Butanediol Products and Services
12.15.5 HNEC Recent Developments
12.16 TunHe
12.16.1 TunHe Corporation Information
12.16.2 TunHe Overview
12.16.3 TunHe 1,4-Butanediol Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
12.16.4 TunHe 1,4-Butanediol Products and Services
12.16.5 TunHe Recent Developments
13 Value Chain and Sales Channels Analysis
13.1 1,4-Butanediol Value Chain Analysis
13.2 1,4-Butanediol Key Raw Materials
13.2.1 Key Raw Materials
13.2.2 Raw Materials Key Suppliers
13.3 1,4-Butanediol Production Mode & Process
13.4 1,4-Butanediol Sales and Marketing
13.4.1 1,4-Butanediol Sales Channels
13.4.2 1,4-Butanediol Distributors
13.5 1,4-Butanediol Customers
14 Key Findings
15 Appendix
15.1 Research Methodology
15.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
15.1.2 Data Source
15.2 Author Details
15.3 Disclaimer

QY RESEARCH, INC.
17890 CASTLETON STREET
SUITE 369, CITY OF INDUSTRY
CA - 91748, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
+1 626 539 9760 / +91 8669986909
hitesh@qyresearch.com / enquiry@qyresearch.com

About Us:

QY Research established in 2007, focus on custom research, management consulting, IPO consulting, industry chain research, data base and seminar services. The company owned a large basic data base (such as National Bureau of statistics database, Customs import and export database, Industry Association Database etc), expert's resources (included energy automotive chemical medical ICT consumer goods etc."

This release was published on openPR.