Oral Biofilm Therapeutics Assessment Market Size, Share, Trends and Analysis

Oral Biofilm Therapeutics Assessment Market Size, Share, Trends and Analysis

Oral biofilms are functionally and structurally organized polymicrobial communities that are incroprated in an extracellular matrix of exopolymers on mucosal and dental surfaces. These biofilms are found naturally in health, and provide benefits to the host. However, this relationship can break down, and disease can occur; disease is associated with a shift in the balance of the species within these biofilms. Biofilms are microbial communities embedded within an extracellular matrix, forming a highly organized structure that causes many human infections. Dental caries (tooth decay) is a polymicrobial biofilm disease driven by the diet and microbiota–matrix interactions that occur on a solid surface. Sugars fuel the emergence of pathogens, the assembly of the matrix, and the acidification of the microenvironment promoting ecological changes.
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New knowledge on biofilm matrix biology and polymicrobial composition has indicated the importance of the local microenvironment where pathogens and commensals interact. Opportunistic oral pathogens evolved in intimate association with not only the human host and resident microbiota, but also with a constantly changing diet to enhance virulence potential of the biofilm. Although the oral microbiota and its function should be viewed as a whole, the matrix which provides the spatial, physical, and chemical environment is equally important. In polymicrobial communities, matrix-producing pathogens can be considered ‘biofilm environment conditioners’ that help to build up a pathological habitat on biotic and abiotic surfaces. Understanding of functional interactions between matrix components and the local microbiome could lead to new approaches to prevent polymicrobial biofilm-associated infections. Microbial ecology holds great potential for the development of new approaches to control oral biofilms, and for identifying novel preventive and therapeutic strategies. The enhancement of traditional microbial culture methods with the use of molecular tools has allowed a more thorough characterization of the human microbiome in general, especially that of the gut,9,10 but also of the oral cavity,11 even though it has been mostly focused on assessment of the diversity rather than the functionality of bacterial communities.
Advances in diagnostic techniques: molecular analysis
Conventional approaches
The invention of microscopy and the first use of appropriate selective culture media led to the improved isolation and identification of organisms found in oral biofilms. Early studies carried out extensive investigations of the composition of the microbiota in order to determine the etiological association between specific organisms and oral infection. These studies revealed an initial picture of the predominant culturable species in oral biofilms.18,19 Dental caries was associated with increases in acid-producing and acid-tolerating species, especially mutans streptococci and lactobacilli, while sites with periodontal disease had biofilms with a greater biomass, and higher numbers of proteolytic and obligately anaerobic bacteria, many of which were Gram negative. Some simple cultural “diagnostic” tests were developed using selective media for cariogenic bacteria. These tests could be set up in the dental surgery, but required a certain amount of equipment (eg, incubators) and needed time for the organisms to grow to form visible colonies, and so the results were not available while the patient was present.

Contemporary approaches
The bacteria in dental biofilms can be grown, especially those found in advanced caries or subgingivally, while some species are slow-growing or require specialist laboratory facilities for their cultivation. However, advances in molecular techniques over the past few decades have revolutionized our ability to detect and identify all micro-organisms in oral biofilms rapidly, including those that cannot be cultivated at present.
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Key Developments in oral biofilm therapeutic market
• The Indiana University school of dentistry has been conducting oral biofilms research program with a goal of developing in vitro and in situ oral biofilms to understand their role in oral diseases etiology, including dental caries, and how the tridimensional structure and compositional changes of biofilms, in response to different environmental or treatment procedures, impacts on disease development.
• The BioMed X Innovation Center, is focusing on the “Oral Biofilm Disruption (OBD)”
• In May 2017, American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) has announced recipient of first Sunstar Innovation Grant for focus on oral biofilm.

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London EC1V 2NX

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