Literature Analysis (IF 45.8) | Relationship Between CAR-T Therapy and Bispecific Antibodies

The paper "Design of high-specificity binders for peptide-MHC-I complexes," published in Science, was conducted by Nobel laureate David Baker's team. This research successfully employed deep learning tools to de novo design small proteins [https://www.alpha-lifetech.com/recombinant-proteins/] that bind with high specificity to peptide-MHC class I complexes (pMHCs), opening a new pathway for precise immunotherapy of cancer and viral diseases. MHC class I complexes are a type of T-cell surface receptor (TCR) that can effectively activate T cells, prompting them to secrete perforin or granzymes for cell killing.

Similarly, CAR-T therapy leverages the cytotoxic function of T cells to achieve targeted elimination of cancer cells. Specifically, this involves collecting a patient's peripheral blood T lymphocytes, genetically engineering them to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) on their surface, and then reinfusing the modified T cells back into the patient. As the CAR can specifically recognize antigens on the surface of cancer cells, it directs the engineered T cells to perform targeted killing of the cancer cells.

Image: https://ecdn6.globalso.com/upload/p/1443/image_other/2025-12/relationship-between-car-t-therapy-and-bispecific-antibodies-1.png

Fig 1 The process of CAR-T therapy [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38115906/]

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