U.S. Water and Wastewater Treatment Technologies Market: Growth Outlook, Trends, and Future Opportunities

Overview of the U.S. Water and Wastewater Treatment Technologies Market

The U.S. water and wastewater treatment technologies market continues to expand as the country faces growing environmental concerns, aging infrastructure, and rising demand for clean and reusable water. Valued at USD 22.4 billion in 2024, the market is expected to reach USD 23.5 billion in 2025 and climb to USD 43.8 billion by 2035. This reflects a strong CAGR of 6.4%, highlighting the importance of advanced water treatment solutions across industrial, municipal, and commercial sectors.

The growth of the market is primarily supported by strict federal and state-level environmental regulations that demand improved treatment performance. As water quality challenges become more complex, municipalities and industries increasingly rely on modern treatment technologies. Investments from major infrastructure programs are accelerating the adoption of new systems, while industries such as semiconductors, pharmaceuticals, and energy are expanding their need for specialized water treatment and wastewater management solutions.

At the same time, climate change and rising water scarcity in several regions of the United States are fueling demand for water reuse and recycling technologies. Membrane systems, energy-efficient filtration units, disinfection technologies, and advanced sludge management solutions are gaining momentum as companies look for sustainable and cost-effective options.

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Regulatory Developments and Infrastructure Investments

Regulatory pressure is one of the strongest catalysts shaping the U.S. water treatment landscape. Federal infrastructure investment programs committed over USD 50 billion for water-related projects through 2032. These funds prioritize modernization of municipal systems, replacement of outdated pipelines, and adoption of advanced treatment technologies capable of handling complex contaminants.

One of the most impactful regulatory changes is the EPA's new PFAS standards introduced in 2024. These regulations set strict limits for several PFAS compounds, commonly known as "forever chemicals," affecting more than 5,000 water systems nationwide. Utilities must comply with these rules by 2031, creating significant demand for PFAS removal technologies such as activated carbon, ion exchange resins, specialized membranes, and advanced oxidation processes. This regulatory shift is reshaping investment priorities for utilities, technology developers, and equipment suppliers across the country.

Meanwhile, industries such as semiconductors, AI-driven data centers, energy production, and pharmaceuticals are increasingly requiring ultrapure water systems or application-specific treatment solutions. Growing manufacturing activities supported by federal programs like the CHIPS Act are also driving demand for water recycling, zero-liquid-discharge systems, and membrane-based treatment technologies.

Advancements in Treatment Technologies

Technology innovation is at the center of the market's growth. Membrane separation technologies, including reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and microfiltration, continue to dominate the market because of their high efficiency in removing emerging contaminants. These technologies are becoming more energy-efficient and durable, making them accessible for both industrial and municipal users.

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems, UV disinfection, ozone systems, and electrochemical processes are also gaining attention due to their improved performance and lower operational costs. Modern treatment facilities are adopting digital water management tools that allow real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, and automated control systems. These digital solutions help utilities reduce energy consumption, optimize chemical usage, and improve compliance.

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Why is the membrane separation technology segment expected to remain dominant in the U.S. market?

Membrane technology is becoming the preferred solution because it effectively removes emerging contaminants, supports the growing need for ultrapure water in semiconductor and data center operations, and continues to advance in efficiency and durability. With lower energy requirements and longer membrane lifespan, it remains the most scalable and reliable treatment method for both industrial and municipal applications.

Industrial Segment Shows Strong Future Potential

The industrial sector is projected to experience the highest growth rate between 2025 and 2035. The rapid expansion of semiconductor fabrication plants, fueled by federal incentives and global demand, requires large volumes of ultrapure water. Similarly, the booming AI data center industry relies on sophisticated cooling systems that generate high wastewater output, demanding advanced treatment and recycling technologies.

Other fast-growing industrial sectors include battery manufacturing, electric vehicles, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, mining, and oil and gas. These industries are increasingly adopting zero-liquid-discharge technologies, water reuse systems, and high-performance filtration solutions to meet regulatory requirements and sustainability goals.

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Competitive Landscape and Strategic Moves

The competitive landscape has evolved significantly due to major consolidations. A notable development was Xylem's acquisition of Evoqua Water Technologies in 2023 for approximately USD 7.5 billion. This merger positioned Xylem as the largest pure-play water technology company globally, with a comprehensive portfolio covering municipal, industrial, and specialty treatment solutions.

In 2025, DuPont strengthened its presence by deciding not to spin off its Water Solutions division. This business, generating around USD 1.5 billion annually, remains a leader in reverse osmosis and ion exchange technologies. The company is increasing its focus on PFAS treatment and advanced membrane systems to address emerging regulatory requirements.

Another important shift involves 3M, which reached a nationwide settlement regarding PFAS contamination in 2024 and committed to ending PFAS manufacturing by 2025. The company is investing heavily in developing new remediation and filtration technologies.

On the innovation front, venture investments are accelerating breakthroughs. Companies such as Oxyle, StormHarvester, and ZwitterCo are gaining recognition for their PFAS destruction technologies, AI-driven wastewater management solutions, and advanced membrane materials. Xylem has also expanded its venture fund to USD 50 million to support emerging technologies in water scarcity and decarbonization.

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