Every nut, bolt, and screw - forgings for harsh environments: corrosion and high temperature

Drop forgings are always used when components are exposed to extreme loads and the area of application places the highest demands on them, such as high pressure, aggressive media, high or low temperatures, high security, and nuclear technology.

👉Grain-Flow Forging
Forged parts have a grain flow, like the fibre structure of wood, caused by plastic deformation during the forging process. Proper orientation of grain flow can improve the physical properties of the forgings.

Everyday examples for forgings are car wheel bolts or screw nuts for wind turbines (take a closer look at them when you see one: blade attachment, anchor bolts)! Further examples include all kind of fasteners and hoists including forged hooks, eyebolts, and chain links.

👉Without forgings, there would be no agricultural machinery, cold chains, food & beverage industry, shipping & fishing, neither conventional nor solar thermal power plants nor nuclear powered ones, and neither cars nor trucks. There would also be no more weapons for crisis intervention or national defence.

Corrosion resistance - the most robust forgeable steels and alloys for naval matters
In many environments the corrosion-resistance of stainless steels from the group "V2A" like 1.4301/ F304 or "V4A" such as 1.4404/ F316L are not enough. There is a separate article about standard stainless steels like these:

👉Basics about steel and its applications: Stainless Steels and Superalloys
https://www.pr-inside.com/basics-about-steel-and-its-applications-stainless-steels-and-superalloys-r4984447.htm

👨‍🎓Hastelloy® is a brand of a nickel-based group of alloys from Haynes International, Inc. - known for its resistance to a wide range of corrosive chemicals. This also includes seawater, where even conventional "V4A" stainless steels from the CrNiMo group can fail. Important applications include valves and pipelines in the chemical industry, as well as shipbuilding. One common and popular example is the highly corrosion resistant superalloy 2.4819/ Alloy C-276 for fasteners in marine and underwater environments.

👨‍🎓Inconel® and Incoloy® are a group of nickel-based superalloys, today´s brands holder is Special Metals Corporation. Inconel® was originally invented by the nickel producer VALE and its historic predecessors before WWII. The major difference between these two alloys is the slightly different nickel content. Both are not only corrosion-resistant but also robust and stable at high temperatures. This is why they are commonly used in motor engines and jet turbines. One popular example for Inconel® in the automotive industry is 2.4856/ Alloy 625. An example for Incoloy® is 2.4858/ Alloy 825. Typical applications are pipes, tubes and fittings in the oil, gas, offshore industries, and heat exchangers in powerplants.

👨‍🎓Monel®, a further brand of Special Metals Corporation, is named after Ambrose Monell, a former president of VALE. It is a 65% nickel alloy with 33% copper content. Interesting applications besides aerospace & defence and shipbuilding industry can be found in veterinary medicine engineering, e.g. monel ear tags for animal identification, and guitar strings!

Source: historic and technical data derived from Wikipedia and the websites of the mentioned companies.

The author is CEO of a small, but highly certified, drop forge in Western Germany:
https://kb-schmiedetechnik.de/home-kb.html and regularly writing popular scientific articles about steel and its varied applications.

Author and press contact:
Thomas Henneke
manging partner
thomas.henneke@kb-schmiedetechik.com

KB Schmiedetechnik GmbH
Buschmühlenstr. 62
58093 Hagen
Germany

KB Schmiedetechnik GmbH is a German drop forge, located in Hagen (Westphalia) - between the historic "blade & metal region" Solingen and the "soccer city" Dortmund (Borussia) - specialized in small series production of safety-relevant closed die forgings from 200g to 130Kg unit weight of all steel grades including duplex stainless steels, nickel based and titanium alloys according to following standards and certifications:

⚗️pressure equipment, boiler systems, valves:
PED 97/23/EG, AD 2000-W0, ASME/ASTM, CNIM, Alstom, MHPS

☢️nuclear power/ atomic energy:
KTA3201.1, KTA1401, AVS D 100/50, Siemens, EDF/Areva/RCC-M

⚓️shipbuilding, naval architecture, ocean engineering:
- American Bureau of Shipping (ABS)
- Bureau Veritas Marine & Offshore (BV)
- Nippon Kaiji Kyokai (ClassNK)
- Det Norske Veritas (DNV)
- Lloyds Register (LR)

Examples are brackets, holders, hoists, hooks, chain links, special screws, pipe connections, pressure-bearing parts, valves, pieces for boiler systems and nuclear power plants, special vehicles such as agricultural machines, also parts and components for corrosive applications like naval ships, boats, ship technology, seawater-suitable, corrosion-resistant components, acid-resistant, highly corrosion-resistant forgings for seawater applications, desalination, petrochemicals, fertilizer industry, fertilizer production, food technology industry, drill equipment, marine technology, underwater engineering, defense.

This release was published on openPR.