Current Research and Future Scope of Materials Science and Nanotechnology

Materials science is an interdisciplinary field which involves the study of properties of matter and its applications in various areas of science and engineering. Material Science includes elements of applied chemistry and physics along with chemical, mechanical, civil and electrical engineering. Due to a significant attention and progress in nanoscience and nanotechnology in the past few years, materials science has been impelled to the foremost position at many universities. Materials science focuses on understanding the materials fundamentally, instead of discovering materials and exploiting their properties. This leads to new materials with the desired properties being created. The main aim of all materials science is to relate the required properties and the relative performance of a material in a certain application up to the extent of structure of the atoms and phases in that material by characterising them.

Materials science and nanotechnology are advancing consistently with mutual contributions to each other. The National Nanotechnology Initiative which defines nanotechnology as the manipulation of matter having at least one dimension sized from 1 to 100 nanometers. The cue for sudden boom in research of nanotechnology field is the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope in 1981 and the discovery of fullerenes in 1985. Graphene is yet another breakthrough in the field of nanotechnology owing to the research of materials. Although many attempts were made to study graphene since the 19th century, this material has seen significant recognition of research since 2004, due to discovery and isolation of a single atomic layer of carbon for the first time by Professor Sir Andre Geim and Professor Sir Kostya Novoselov of the University of Manchester. In the late 1990s, materials science and engineering field transits gradually into a more systems-based approach to materials innovation and toward materials design through which researchers are able to predict new materials they desire rather than having to discover them.

Modern day witnesses significant breach of material science and nanotechnology into the roots of various fields like metallurgy, medicine, electronics, energy production, civil construction, biology, automobiles, photonics and many other miscellaneous industrial applications. Nanomedicine and biomaterials are the subsidiary yet significant fields in medicine and biology with a large scale research and outcomes. Many other such key fields have developed from their parent fields like nanoelectronis, nanochips, nanocoatings etc.

Market growth for functional materials and nano materials is estimated to develop significantly faster than the traditional development of broke down mechanical divisions. Their driving force is high within the nearest future. On an average Seventeen percent of CAGR in each single division can be seen. Cutting edge materials are of currently impact trendy and monetary intensity. The nanotechnology Market is Expected to cross 100 Billion USD in the next 5 years and the key shareholders being Nanocomposites, Nanoparticles, Nanoclays and Nanotubes with more than 10 billion USD with CAGR of about 30%. The others like nanodevices and nanomachines which will be more than 3 billion USD with a CAGR of about 11 % (BCC Research). Such market along with significant research articles being published every day can be attributed to the governments and industries funding greatly towards the research. Also, conferences like the 4th International Conference and Exhibition on Material Science and Nanotechnology which will be held in Barcelona, Spain during April 11-12, 2019 clears a stage to globalize the research by introducing reciprocity amongst ventures and scholarly associations and the information exchange from research to industry.

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